外贸常用FOB-CFR-CIF的区别

SUMMARYOFINCOTERMSEXW..FCA..FAS..FOB..CFR..CIF..CPT..CIP..DAF..DES..DEQ..DDU..DDP1.EXW(EXWORKS...namedplace)EXWmeansthatthesellerfulfillshisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhenhehasmadethegoodsavailableathispremise's(ieworks,factory,warehouseetc),tothebuyer.Inparticular,heisnotresponsibleforloadingofthegoodsontoanyvehicleprovidedbythebuyer,orforclearingthegoodsacrossanycustomsbordersforexport,unlessotherwiseagreed.Thebuyerbearsallcostsandrisksinvolvedintakingthegoodsfromthesellerspremisestothedesireddestination.EXWthusrepresentstheminimumobligationfortheseller.Thistermshouldnotbeusedifthebuyerisincapableoforcannotcarryouttheexportformalities.InsuchcasesthetermFCAshouldbeused.2.FCA(FREECARRIERACCEPTANCE...namedplace.)FCAmeansthatthesellerfulfillshisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhenhehasclearedthegoodsforexportandhandedthemintothechargeofthecarriernamedbythebuyeratthedesignateddeliverypoint.Ifnopreciseacceptancepointisindicatedbythebuyer,thenthesellermaychoose,withintheplaceorrangestipulated,wherethecarriershalltakethegoodsintohischarge.When,accordingtocommercialpractice,thesellersassistanceisrequiredinmakingthecontractwiththecarrier(suchasinrailorairtransport)thesellermayactatthebuyersriskandexpense,whichincludesanycostsforarrangingthetransport.Thistermmaybeusedforanymodeoftransport,paidbythebuyer,includingmultimodaltransport.Carriermeansanypersonwho,inacontractofcarriage,undertakestoperformortoprocuretheperformanceofcarriagebyrail,road,air,sea,inlandwaterwayorbyacombinationofsuchmodes.Ifthebuyerinstructsthesellertodeliverthegoodstoaperson,egafreightforwarder,whoisnotacarrier,thesellerisdeemedtohavefulfilledtheobligationtodeliverthegoodswhentheyarriveintothecustodyofthatnominatedperson.TransportTerminalmeansarailwayterminal,afreightstation,acontainerterminaloryard,amultipurposecargoterminaloranysimilarreceivingpoint.Containerincludesanyequipmentusedtounitizecargo,eg.alltypesofcontainersand/orflats,ISOacceptedornot,trailers,swapbodies,roll-onroll-offequipment,igloosetcanditappliestoallmodesoftransport3.FAS(FREEALONGSIDESHIP...namedportofshipment)FASmeansthatthesellerfulfillshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenplacedalongsidethevesselonthequayorinlightersatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatmoment.TheFAStermrequiresthebuyertoclearthegoodsforexport.Itshouldnotbeusedwhenthebuyercannotcarryouteitherdirectlyorindirectlyalloftheexportformalities.Thistermcanonlybeusedforseafreightorinlandwaterwaytransport.4.FOB(FREEONBOARD...namedportofshipment)FOBmeansthatthesellerhasfulfilledhisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavephysicallypassedovertheshipsrailatthenamedportofshipment.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostsandriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthatpoint.TheFOBtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanonlybeusedforseafreightorinlandwaterwaytransport.Whentheshipsrailservesnopracticalpurpose,suchasinthecaseofroll-onroll-offoranyLCLorFCLcontainertraffic,theFCAtermismoreappropriatetouse.5.CFR(COSTANDFREIGHT...namedportofdestination)CFRmeansthatthesellermustpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytotransportthegoodstothenameddestinationport.Theriskoflossof,ordamageto,thegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethatthegoodshavebeendeliveredonboardthevessel,istransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodspassovertheshipsrailintheportofshipment.TheCFRtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanonlybeusedforseafreightorinlandwaterwaytransport.Whentheshipsrailservesnopracticalpurpose,suchasinthecaseofroll-onroll-offoranyLCLorFCLcontainertraffic,theCIPtermismoreappropriatetouse.6.CIF(COSTINSURANCEFREIGHT...namedportofdestination)CIFmeansthatthesellerhasthesameobligationsasundertheCFRtermbutwiththeadditionalresponsibilitythathemustprocuremarineinsuranceagainstthebuyersriskoflossofordamagethegoodsduringtheperiodofcarriage.Thesellercontractsfortheinsuranceandalsopaysthepremium.ThebuyershouldnotethatundertheCIFtermthesellerisonlyrequiredtoobtaininsuranceonminimumcoverage.TheCIFtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanonlybeusedforseafreightorinlandwaterwaytransport.Whentheshipsrailservesnopracticalpurpose,suchasinthecaseofroll-onroll-offoranyLCLorFCLcontainertraffic,theCIPtermismoreappropriatetouse.7.CPT(CARRIAGEPAIDTO...namedplaceofdestination)CPTmeansthatthesellerpaysforthefreightforthecarriageofthegoodstothenamedfinaldestination.Theriskoflossof,ordamageto,thegoods,aswellasanyadditionalcostsduetoeventsoccurringafterthetimethatthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrieristransferredfromthesellertothebuyerwhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredintothecustodyofthecarrier.Carriermeansanypersonwho,inacontractofcarriage,undertakestoperformortoprocuretheperformanceofcarriagebyrail,road,air,sea,inlandwaterwayorbyacombinationofsuchmodes.Ifsubsequentcarriersareusedforthecarriageofthegoodstotheagreeddestination,theriskpassestothebuyerwhenthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothefirstcarrier.TheCPTtermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thi