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英语特训之定语从句定语从句的结构特征1定语从句关系词的用法2定语从句的特殊形式3高考例析4英语特训之定语从句定语从句的结构特征1关系词注意•被定语从句所修饰的词或句子•关系词作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.•关系词的意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。Therearemanyplacesthatwecanvisit(it)inChina.•关系代词：who,whose,whom,that,which,as•关系副词：when,where,why,that英语特训之定语从句先行词英语特训之定语从句二要变三要提前一要看•Doyoulikethebook,TheLordoftheRings?•Youboughtthebooklastweekend.•Doyoulikethebook,TheLordoftheRings?•Youboughtthat/whichlastweekend.•Doyoulikethebook,TheLordoftheRingsthat/whichyouboughtlastweekend?四要减•Doyoulikethebook,TheLordoftheRings(that/which)youboughtlastweekend?步骤确定定语从句的步骤•Doyoulikethebook,TheLordoftheRings?•Youboughtthebooklastweekend.英语特训之定语从句I'llneverforgetthedaysthatwespenttogetherwithyou.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判断对错：ThisisthemountainvillagethatIstayedlastyear.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.Potatocanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.I’vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.判断关系代词与关系副词的选用方法一用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词：及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则用关系副词。√√××英语特训之定语从句Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theoneIsthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选用关系代词或关系副词。方法二先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where，when，why)○○英语特训之定语从句练一练吧：用定语从句组合下面几组句子：A:(a)Wemetthenewminister.(b)Hehadbeeneducatedatthesameschoolasmyuncle.Wemetthenewminister,whohadbeeneducatedatthesameschoolasmyuncle.B:(a)Inthe1950s,alotofmarchestookplace.(b)Theblacksdidn’thaveequalrightsatthattime.Inthe1950s,whentheblacksdidn’thaveequalrights,alotofmarchestookplace.C:(a)WhenIwasayoungboy,Ilivedinasmalltown.(b)Therewerenoschoolsinthetown.WhenIwasayoungboy,Ilivedinasmalltown,wheretherewerenoschools.D:(a)ThenextcityisHangzhou.(b)Wearegoingtovisitthecity.Thenextcitythat/whichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.英语特训之定语从句改正句子中的错误:1.Hereisthepenyoulostityesterday.2.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.3.Thisisthevillagewheremyfatherworkedinthreeyearsago.4.Thereasonwhyhegaveussoundedalittlestrange.5.I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIspentwithyou.6.Isthisfarmwevisitedlastyear?7.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.8.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.9.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.10.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.英语特训之定语从句定语从句关系词的用法2英语特训之定语从句whomwhowhosewhichasthat关系代词英语特训之定语从句指代人的名词或代词who作主语；whom作宾语；that主语宾语皆可eg.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）Thetourwasmadeby30people,allofwhomenjoyedit.who,whom,that英语特训之定语从句whose用来指人或物只用作定语；若指人，可以与ofwhom互换；若指物，可以同ofwhich互换eg.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.………………………………………………………..thecarofwhom…....Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.………………………………….thecoverofwhich……..whose英语特训之定语从句所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可省略。只用that作关系词的情况：a)在不定代词：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。b)先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。d)先行词既有人，又有物时只用that。不用that作关系词的情况：a)在引导非限定性定语从句时，只能用which。b)介词后不能用that，只能用which。that,which英语特训之定语从句eg.Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearedinthecountrysidelastyear.（主语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.（宾语）Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.Thisistheonlybookthatyoucanborrow.Elephantsarethebiggestanimalsthatliveonland.Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.Thedistrict,whichhasthebesthousing,iscalledChaoyang.Isthisthebookinwhichyouareinterested?英语特训之定语从句as,which引导非限定性定语从句，可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。as一般放在句首，which在句中。eg.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.不同之处主要有两点：(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；否则，关系代词只能用which。which,as英语特训之定语从句典型例题：1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,and___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.as3）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.thatB.whichC.asD.it○○○英语特训之定语从句wherewhenwhythat关系副词英语特训之定语从句when,where,why在句中分别代替时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。eg.Thereareoccasionswhenonemustyieldinhislife.BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?when,where,why英语特训之定语从句that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why，在口语中that常被省略。eg.Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when)hewasborn.Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where)helivedfortyyearsago.that英语特训之定语从句定语从句的特殊形式3英语特训之定语从句介词后面的关系词不能省略。that前不能有介词。某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。eg.ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?介词+关系词英语特训之定语从句what/whatever;who/whoever;that/what1)what=sth.that;whatever=anythingthateg.What/Somethingthatyouwanthasbeensenthere.Whatever/Anythingthatyouwantmakesnodifference