英汉比较•Translatethefollowingsentences:误:聪明人从不犯错误。正:无论怎样聪明的人也难免犯错误。1.Itisawisemanthatnevermakesmistakes.•2.ItwasnotuntilyearsafterwardsthatheheardofSemmelweis.误:没过几年他就听到了Semmelweis的消息。正:直到数年之后他才听到Semmelweis的消息。•3.Alltheanswersarenotright.误:所有答案都不对。正:答案并非全对。•4.Wecannotestimatethevalueofmodernsciencetoomuch.误:我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值。正:对现代科学的价值无论如何重视也不过分。•5.Afterthefailureofhislastnovel,hisreputationstandsonslipperygrounds.他的上部小说失败之后,声誉一落千丈。Translatethefollowingstory.SuchaLongDogOncetherewasablind.Onedaywhenhewaswalking,hesteppedtheheadofthedogwhowassleeping.Thedogbarkedforawhile.Theblindmanwentonformiles,thistimehesteppedtheotherdog'stail,sothisdogbarked.Theblindmanhadthoughtthatitwasthefirstdog,sohesaidinsurprise,It'sawonderthatthedogissolong.TenStructuralDifferencesBetweenEnglishandChinese1.综合性与分析性syntheticvsanalytic英语属综合语,其标志为较多的曲折变化形式;汉语为分析性语言,靠助词(如“着”、“了”、“过”、“就”等)及副词来体现时态、时体等句法关系。e.g.Hehadtoquitthepositionandwentintoexile,havingbeendeprivedofhispower.他被剥夺了权利之后,只好离职,去异国流亡。Moneyisonlyakindoftool,whichismasteredbypeoplebutnotmasterspeople;andmoneyisonlyaruler,whichmeasuresvaluebutnotpersonality.So,trytorethinkyouridea,anddon‘trushaboutformoneyallday.Money,withoutitequalstowithoutrighttosurvive;Pursuingitmeanslosingthemeaningoflife.(中级笔译练习)France‘sgovernmentonWednesdayaskedahealthwatchdog(健康监管机构)tocarryoutaprobe,possiblyleadingtoEU(欧盟)suspension(暂停)ofagenetically-modifiedcorn(转基因玉米),afterastudyinratslinkedthegraintocancer.•法国政府本周三要求健康监管机构开展针对转基因玉米的一项调查,这有可能导致欧盟暂停进口这种转基因玉米。此前一项研究表明,转基因玉米会使实验鼠患上肿瘤。那独眼的小伙子看他老爸被数落了,低下头偷笑,老烟头咳嗽了一声,又敲了那独眼的少年一记头棍:“你笑个啥?碰到血尸,可大可小,上次你二公就是在洛阳挖到这东西,结果现在还疯疯癫癫的,都不知道着了什么道。等一下我先下去,你跟在我后面,二伢子你带个土耗子殿后,三伢子你就别下去了,四个人都下去,想退都来不及退,你就拉着土耗子的尾巴,我们在里面一吆喝你就把东西拉出来。”《盗墓笔记》2.聚集与流散compactvs.diffusive英语句式紧密,有大量的连词、介词在句与句之间衔接,少用动词;汉语句式松散,句与句之间常没有连接成分、惯用动词和短句。e.g.Mary’skindlyandgentlenaturecouldnotbutrevoltatherfriend’scallousbehavior.玛丽心地善良,性情温和,对她朋友这种没有心肝的行为,实在看不顺眼。Theyfoundsimplemeasuresofphysicalcapabilitylikeshakinghands,walking,gettingupfromachairandbalancingononelegwererelatedtolifespan,evenafteraccountingforage,sexandbodysize.Thestudyisthefirsttoprovideacomprehensiveviewoftheexistingresearchbypoolingdatafrom33studies.他们发现,即使把年龄、性别和体型这些因素都考虑在内,一些衡量体力的简单指标,例如握手、走路、从椅子上站起来,以及单腿平衡,这些行动能力也都与寿命相关。这一研究从33个研究中收集了资料,首次对现有研究进行了综述。那年纪最小的少年看样子平日挨过不少揍,一看他二哥真火了,就吓得不敢吭声了,直望着他爹求救,怎料他爹已经去收拾家伙去了。他二哥这下得意了:“你何什咯样不带爱相啰,这次老头子也不帮你,你要再吆喝,我拧你个花麻鸡!”3.形合与意合hypotacticvs.paratactic英语的各类语句的关系靠严密的句法来衔接,井然有序,多用意思连接的累积的分句或独立分句;汉语的句式不靠句法上的衔接,主要靠内在的逻辑关系,讲究“不言而喻”。e.g.Leteverybodysharethefoodifthereisany.有饭大家吃。TheUShastumbled(跌落)furtherdownaglobalrankingoftheworld‘smostcompetitiveeconomies,landingatfifthplacebecauseofitshugedeficits(赤字)anddecliningpublicfaithingovernment,aglobaleconomicgroupsaidWednesday.近日,日方在钓鱼岛问题上不断挑起事端,是对中国领土主权的严重侵犯。中国海监依法在钓鱼岛海域开展例行维权巡航,行使了我对钓鱼岛及其附近海域的行政管辖。•霍家老太和小花一起出去夹喇嘛.现在霍家老太一行人都没回来,他回来了。我立即明白了小花所谓的困境。霍家老太有几个儿子,他们之间肯定会有家产问题,一方面要一致对外,另一方面又要比谁对霍家老太更重视,他们质问小花的严厉度就是表明自己孝顺的指标。解家和霍家的关系本来就很微妙,现在这么一来,一定会演变到剑拔弩张的地步。4.繁复与简明complexvs.simplex英语句子讲究长而复杂;汉语句子讲究短而简练。e.g.AgreatnumberofgraduatestudentsweredrivenintotheintellectualslumwhenintheUnitedStatestheintellectualpoorbecametheclassicpoor,thepoorundertheratherromanticguiseofBeatGeneration,arealphenomenoninthelatefifties.50年代后期的美国出现了一个真正的奇观:穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国的典型的穷人。当时大批大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子平民窟。这几天心里颇不宁静。今晚在院子里坐着乘凉,忽然想起日日走过的荷塘,在这满月的光里,总该另有一番样子吧。月亮渐渐地升高了,墙外马路上孩子们的欢笑,已经听不见了;妻在屋里拍着闰儿,迷迷糊糊地哼着眠歌。我悄悄地披了大衫,带上门出去。5.物称与人称impersonalvs.personal英语多用非人称词类作主语;汉语多用人称代词作主语。e.g.1.Excitementdeprivedmeofallpowerofutterance.我兴奋得说不出话来。2.Hisfailuretoobservethesafetyregulationsbroughtanaccidenttothemachine.他没有遵守安全规程,导致机器出现了故障。3.HisnewbookhitsofftheAmericantemperamentwithamazinginsight.他在新作中对美国人性格的描写入木三分。4.1980sawthesuccessfullaunchingofChina’sfirstintercontinentalguidedmissile.1980年,中国成功地发射了第一枚洲际导弹。5.Thecitywitnessedtheoutbreakofthearmeduprising.武装起义在这个城市爆发了。TranslatethefollowingstoryThelioninloveAliononcefellinlovewithabeautifulgirl,sohewenttoherparentsandaskedthemtomarryhertohim.Theoldparentsdidnotknowwhattosay.Theydidnotliketheideaofgivingtheirdaughtertothelion,buttheydidnotwanttoenragethekingofbeasts.Atlastthefathersaid,Wearegladtomarryourdaughtertoyou,butwefearthatyoumightpossiblyhurther.Soifyouremoveyourclawsandteeth,wewillgivehertoyou.Thelionlovedthegirlverymuch,sohetrimmedhisclawsandtookouthisbigteeth.Whenhecametotheparentsagain,theysimplylaughedinhisface,andbeathimoutoftheirhouse.6.被动与主动passivevs.active英语好用被动语态;汉语多用主动结构(包括主动句和自动句)。e.g.DiplomaticrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.中美已经建立了外交关系。1.Thelittlecares,fears,tears,doubts,sleeplessfanciesofwhichIdon’tknowhowmanydaysandnights,wereforgottenunderonemoment‘sinfluenceofGeorgesirresistiblesmile.不知有多少个日日夜夜,她牵肠挂肚,担惊受怕,哭脸抹泪,疑神疑鬼,胡思乱想,夜不能寐。如今,这种种小小的烦恼经乔治迷人的一笑,顷刻间烟消云散了。2.他常被派做这项工作.Heisoftensenttodothiswork.3.你叫雨淋湿了.Youhavebeenwettedintherain.4.这孩子昨天挨来了一顿批评.Theboywascriticizedyesterday.5.我们的衣服给汗水湿透了.Ourclothesweresoakedwithsweat.6.东西受潮了.Thethingshavebeenaffectedwithdamp.7.他们去年遭了灾.Theywerehitbyanaturalcalamitylastyear.7.静态