搜索
高中化学方程式总结，第1页，共16页高中化学方程式总结第一部分金属一、碱金属1.钠Na4Na+O2＝2Na2O2Na+O2点燃Na2O2Cl2+2Na点燃2NaCl2Na+S＝Na2S（爆炸）2Na+2H2O＝2NaOH+H2↑2Na+H2△2NaH2Na+2NH3＝2NaNH2+H24Na+TiCl4(熔融)＝4NaCl+TiNa2ONa2O+H2O＝2NaOH2Na2O+O2△2Na2O2Na2O+SO3＝Na2SO4Na2O+CO2＝Na2CO3Na2O+2HCl＝2NaCl+H2ONa2O2+2Na＝2Na2O（此反应用于制备Na2O）2Na2O2+2H2O＝4NaOH+O2↑(此反应分两步Na2O2+2H2O＝2NaOH+H2O2；2H2O2＝2H2O+O2↑。H2O2的制备可利用类似的反应)2Na2O2+2CO2＝2Na2CO3+O2Na2O2+H2SO4(冷、稀)＝Na2SO4+H2O2NaHNaH+H2O＝NaOH+H2↑NaOH2NaOH+Si+H2O＝Na2SiO3+2H2↑6NaOH+3S△2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O2NaOH+2Al+2H2O＝2NaAlO2+3H2↑2NaOH(过量)+CO2＝Na2CO3+H2ONaOH+CO2(过量)＝NaHCO32NaOH+SiO2＝Na2SiO3+H2O（常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃）2NaOH+Al2O3＝2NaAlO2+H2O2NaOH+Cl2＝NaCl+NaClO+H2ONaOH+HCl＝NaCl+H2ONaOH+H2S(足量)＝NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S(少量)＝Na2S+2H2O3NaOH+AlCl3＝Al(OH)3↓+3NaClNaOH+Al(OH)3＝NaAlO2+2H2ONaOH+NH4Cl△NaCl+NH3↑+H2O2NaOH+P2O5＝2NaPO3+H2O6NaOH+P2O5＝2Na3PO3+3H2ONaAlO22NaAlO2+CO2+3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+Na2CO33NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O＝4Al(OH)3↓NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、NaINaCl+H2SO4(浓)△NaHSO4+HCl↑H2SO4(浓)+2NaClNa2SO4+2HCl2NaI+Cl2＝2NaCl+I2NaBr+H3PO4(浓)＝NaH2PO4+HBrNaI+H3PO4(浓)＝NaH2PO4+HINa2CO3、NaHCO3Na2CO3+SiO2高温Na2SiO3+CO2Na2CO3+HCl＝NaHCO3+NaClNaHCO3+HCl＝NaCl+H2O+CO23Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaCl3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O＝2Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaCl3NaHCO3+AlCl3＝Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑3NaHCO3+FeCl3＝Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑NaHCO3+HCl＝NaCl+CO2↑+H2O2NaHCO3△Na2CO3+CO2↑+H2O3Na2CO3+2Br2+H2O＝2NaHCO3+2NaBrO+2NaBr+CO2↑NaHCO3+Br2＝NaBr+HBrO+CO2↑NaNO3、NaNO22NaNO3△2NaNO2+O2↑H2SO4(浓)+NaNO3△NaHSO4+HNO3↑KClO3+6HCl=KCl+3Cl2↑+3H2ONaNO2+NH4Cl＝NaCl+N2↑+2H2ONa3PO4、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4高中化学方程式总结，第2页，共16页Na3PO4+HCl＝Na2HPO4+NaClNa2HPO4+HCl＝NaH2PO4+NaClNaH2PO4+HCl＝H3PO4+NaClNa2S、NaHSNa2S+Cl2＝2NaCl+S↓3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)＝6NaNO3+2NO+3S↓+4H2O3Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑Na2SO4、Na2SO3、Na2S2O33Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)＝3Na2SO4+2NO↑+H2O2Na2SO3+O2＝2Na2SO4Na2S2O3+H2SO4＝Na2SO4+S+SO2+H2ONa2SO3+SO2+H2O＝2NaHSO32NaHSO3△Na2SO3+SO2↑+H2ONa2SiO3Na2SiO3+2HCl＝H2SiO3↓+2NaClC6H5ONaC6H5ONa+CO2+H2O＝C6H5OH+NaHCO32.钾KK+O2△KO22K+2H2O＝2KOH+H2↑K2O、K2O2K2O+H2O＝2KOHK2O+CO2＝K2CO32K2O2+2CO2＝K2CO3+O22K2O2+2H2O＝4KOH+O2KOH2KOH+CO2＝K2CO3+H2OKOH+CO2＝KHCO3K2CO3K2CO3+2HCl＝2KCl+CO2↑+H2OK2CO3+CaCl2＝CaCO3↓+2KCK2CO3+2AgNO3＝Ag2CO3↓+2KNO3KHCO3KHCO3+HCl＝KCl+CO2↑+H2O2KHCO3△K2CO3+CO2↑+H2OKClO32KClO3△2KCl+3O2↑KClO3+6HCl＝KCl+3Cl2↑+3H2OKClO3+5KCl+3H2SO4＝3Cl2↑+3K2SO4+3H2OKI2KI+Cl2＝2KCl+I2KI+AgNO3＝AgI↓+KNO3KAl(SO4)22KAl(SO4)2+6NaOH＝K2SO4+3Na2SO4+2Al(OH)3↓2KAl(SO4)2+3Ba(OH)2＝K2SO4+3BaSO4↓+2Al(OH)3↓KAl(SO4)2+2Ba(OH)2＝KAlO2+2BaSO4↓KSCN3KSCN+FeCl3＝Fe(SCN)3+3KClKHKH+H2O＝KOH+H2↑3.锂LiLi+O2△Li2O2Li+2H2O＝2LiOH+H2↑Li2OLi2O+CO2＝Li2CO3Li2O+H2O＝2LiOHLiOH2LiOH+CO2＝Li2CO3↓+H2OLiOH+CO2＝LiHCO3Li2CO3Li2CO3+2HCl＝2LiCl+CO2↑+H2OLiHCO3LiHCO3+HCl＝LiCl+CO2↑+H2O2LiHCO3△Li2CO3+CO2↑+H2O二、常见金属1.镁Mg2Mg+O2点燃2MgOMg+2H2O＝2Mg(OH)2↓+H2↑Mg+Cl2点燃MgCl22Mg+CO2点燃2MgO+CMg+S＝MgSMg+Br2＝MgBr23Mg+N2＝Mg3N2Mg+2HCl＝MgCl2+H2↑Mg+H2SO4＝MgSO4+H2↑高中化学方程式总结，第3页，共16页2Mg+TiCl4(熔融)＝Ti+2MgCl2Mg+2RbCl(熔融)＝MgCl2+2RbMgOMgO+2HCl＝MgCl2+H2OMgO+H2O＝Mg(OH)2↓Mg(OH)2Mg(OH)2+2HCl＝MgCl2+2H2OMgCO3MgCO3+2HCl＝2MgCl2+CO2↑+H2OMgCO3+2H2O△Mg(OH)2↓+CO2↑MgCO3△CO2↑+MgOMg(HCO3)2Mg(HCO3)2+2HCl＝MgCl2+2CO2↑+2H2O2Mg(HCO3)2△Mg(OH)2↓+CO2↑+H2OMgSO4MgSO4+Ba(OH)2＝Mg(OH)2↓+BaSO4↓MgSO4+2NaOH＝Mg(OH)2↓+Na2SO4↓Mg3N2Mg3N2+8H2O＝3Mg(OH)2+2NH3·H2O2.铝AlAl+3O2点燃2Al2O32Al+3S△Al2S32Al+3Cl2△2AlCl34Al+3MnO2高温2Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O3高温Al2O3+2Cr2Al+Fe2O3高温Al2O3+2Fe（铝热反应）2Al+3FeO△Al2O3+3Fe2Al+6HCl＝2AlCl3+3H2↑2Al+3H2SO4＝Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑2Al+6H2SO4(浓)△Al2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2OAl+4HNO3(稀)＝Al(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O（Al、Fe在冷、浓的H2SO4、HNO3中钝化）2Al+2NaOH+2H2O＝2NaAlO2+3H2↑Al2O3、Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2SO4＝Al2(SO4)3+3H2O（Al2O3是两性氧化物）Al2O3+2NaOH＝2NaAlO2+H2O2Al(OH)3△Al2O3+3H2OAl(OH)3+3HCl＝AlCl3+3H2O2Al(OH)3+3H2SO4＝Al2(SO4)3+6H2OAl(OH)3+NaOH＝NaAlO2+2H2O铝盐AlCl3+3NaOH＝Al(OH)3↓+3NaClAlCl3+3NH3·H2O＝Al(OH)3↓+3NH4Cl2AlCl3+3Na2CO3+3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaClAlCl3+3NaHCO3＝Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑AlCl3+3NaAlO2+6H2O＝4Al(OH)3↓Al2(SO4)3+3Na2S+6H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑Al4C3+12H2O＝4Al(OH)3↓+3CH4↑3.铁Fe2Fe+3Cl2点燃2FeCl33Fe+2O2点燃Fe3O4Fe+S△FeS2Fe+3Br2＝2FeBr3Fe+I2△FeI2Fe+S△FeS3Fe+4H2O(g)高温Fe3O4+4H2Fe+2HCl＝FeCl2+H2↑Fe+CuCl2＝FeCl2+CuFe+SnCl4＝FeCl2+SnCl2Fe+H2S＝FeS+H2↑2Fe+6H2SO4(浓)＝Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2OFe+H2SO4(稀)＝FeSO4+H2↑Fe+6HNO3＝Fe(NO3)3+3NO2↑+3H2OFe+4HNO3＝Fe(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O8Fe+30HNO3＝8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O↑+15H2O10Fe+36HNO3＝10Fe(NO3)3+3N2↑+18H2O8Fe+30HNO3＝8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2OFe+(CH3COO)2Cu＝Cu+(CH3COO)2FeFeO3FeO+2Al△Al2O3+3Fe6FeO+O2△2Fe3O4FeO+4HNO3＝Fe(NO3)3+NO2↑+2H2OFe2O3Fe2O3+2Al高温Al2O3+2Fe高中化学方程式总结，第4页，共16页Fe2O3+3CO△2Fe+3CO2Fe2O3+3H2＝2Fe+3H2O（制还原铁粉）Fe2O3+6HCl＝2FeCl3+3H2OFe3O4Fe3O4+4H2△3Fe+4H2OFe3O4+8HCl(浓)△FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2OFe(OH)2、Fe(OH)34Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O＝4Fe(OH)32Fe(OH)3△Fe2O3+3H2OFeCl22FeCl2+Cl2＝2FeCl3FeCl2+Mg＝Fe+MgCl2FeCl32FeCl3+Fe＝3FeCl22FeCl3+Cu＝2FeCl2+CuCl2（用于雕刻印刷电路板）2FeCl3+H2SO3+H2O＝H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl2FeCl3+Zn＝2FeCl2+ZnCl22FeCl3+H2S＝2FeCl2+2HCl+S↓2FeCl3+2KI＝2FeCl2+2KCl+I2FeCl3+3NH3·H2O＝Fe(OH)3↓+3NH4Cl2FeCl3+3Na2CO3+3H2O＝2Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaClFeCl3+3NaHCO3＝Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑2FeCl3+SO2+2H2O＝2FeCl2+H2SO4+2HClBaCl2+H2SO4＝BaSO4↓+2HClFeCl3+3KSCN＝Fe(SCN)3+3KClFeSFeS+2HCl＝FeCl2+H2S↑FeS+H2SO4＝FeSO4+H2S↑4FeS2+11O2＝2Fe2O2+8SO2H2FeO44H2FeO4+2H2O＝4Fe(OH)3+3O2↑4Na2FeO4+10H2O＝4Fe(OH)3+3O2↑+8NaOH2Fe(OH)3+3NaClO+4N