中国传统文化Chinese Traditional Culture

中国传统文化zhōngguóchuántǒngwénhuàChineseTraditionalCultureContents传统节日及风俗习惯TraditionalFestivalsandcustoms分类ClassificationofChineseTraditionalCulture概览OverviewofChineseTraditionalCulture介绍IntroductiontoChineseTraditionalCulturePARTⅠIntroductiontoChineseTraditionalCulture中国传统文化介绍TheChinesetraditionalCultureofishometooneoftheworld'soldestandmostcomplexcivilizations.Chinaboastsahistoryrichinover5,000yearsofartistic,philosophical,political,andscientificadvancement.Ithas4characteristics:1.ALongHistory.Ithas5000yearsofhistory.2.NationalCharacteristic.ChinesetraditionalcultureisuniquetoChina,whichisdifferentfromothernations'.3.FromGenerationtoGeneration.Chinesetraditionalculturehasbeeninterruptedinsomeshorthistoricalperiods.Moreorless,ithaschangedindifferenthistoricalperiods,butonthewholeit'soneculturewithoutinterruption.Generallyspeaking,ithasnotchangedmuch.4.ExtensiveandProfound.“Extensive”referstoChinesetraditionalculture’sbreadth—richandcolorful；“Profound”meansChina’straditionalculture'sdepth—unfathomable.PARTⅡClassificationofChineseTraditionalCulture中国传统文化分类1.传统节日及风俗习惯TraditionalFestivalsandCustoms:春节SpringFestival清明节Tomb-sweepingDay端午节DragonBoatFestival中秋节Mid-AutumnFestival元宵节LanternFestival重阳节DoubleNinthDay,etc.2.传统艺术TraditionalArts:书法calligraphy国画painting戏剧opera建筑architecture,etc3.民间工艺FolkArtsandCrafts:陶瓷ceramics(china)剪纸paper-cuts刺绣embroidery丝绸silk古玩antique,印章seal中国结Chineseknot,etc4.中国古代文学ChineseAncientLiterature:诗歌poetry戏曲drama散文prose小说novel5.传统思想及礼仪TraditionalThoughtsandEtiquettes:儒家思想Confucianism道家思想Taoism中华礼仪ChineseEtiquette6.其他著名的传统文化OtherFamousCultures武术（功夫）Wushu(kungfu)茶文化TeaCulture中医TraditionalChineseMedicine饮食文化ChineseDietaryCulturePARTⅢOverviewofChineseTraditionalCulture中国文化概览fourmajortraditionalfestivalsChineseCalligraphy中国书法ChinesePainting中国国画Landscapepainting山水画Bird-and-flowerpainting花鸟画ChineseOpera中国戏曲京剧BeijingOperaForbiddenCity故宫theTempleofHeaven天坛ChineseArchitecture中国建筑Ceramics陶瓷paper-cuts剪纸刺绣embroiderysilk丝绸古玩antiqueChineseknotChinesekongfu中国功夫中医TraditionalChineseMedicineTeaculture茶文化maketea沏茶饮食文化ChineseDietaryCulturePARTⅣChineseTraditionalFestivalsandCustoms中国传统节日Therearesomethingyouhavetoknowfirst:2.中国的农历（nónglì）theChineselunarcalendar1.中国的十二生肖ChineseZodiac3.中国红（zhōngguóhóng）WhatdoestheChineseRedmeantoChinesepeople?1.中国的十二生肖（shíèrshēngxiāo）ChineseZodiacChinesepeopleconsiderthat12-yearisacycle.Eachyearofwhichisnamedafteradifferentanimalthatimpartsdistinctcharacteristicstoitsyear.ManyChinesebelievethattheyearofaperson'sbirthistheprimaryfactorindeterminingthatperson'spersonalitytraits,physicalandmentalattributesanddegreeofsuccessandhappinessthroughoutone'slifetime.Eachanimalisrelatedtooneyearina12-yearcycle.Thesetwelveanimalsare:鼠（shǔ）rat,牛（niú）ox,虎（hǔ）tiger,兔（tù）rabbit,龙（lóng）dragon,蛇（shé）snake,马（mǎ）horse,羊（yáng）sheep,猴（hóu）monkey,鸡（jī）rooster,狗（gǒu）dogand猪（zhū）pig.Theyear2012istheyearofdragon,whichisasymbolofthewholeChinesenationality.2014istheyearofhorse.中国的十二生肖ChineseZodiacTheChineseLunarCalendarisbasedonthecyclesofthemoon,andisconstructedinadifferentfashionthantheWesternsolarcalendar.IntheChinesecalendar,thebeginningoftheyearfallssomewherebetweenlateJanuaryandearlyFebruary.TheChinesehaveadoptedtheWesterncalendarsince1911,butthelunarcalendarisstillusedforfestiveoccasionssuchastheChineseNewYear.ManyChinesecalendarswillprintboththesolardatesandtheChineselunardates.2.中国的农历（nónglì）theChineselunarcalendar3.中国红（zhōngguóhóng）ChineseRedWhatdoestheChineseRedmeantoChinesepeople?•InancientChina,redisthemaincolorusedintheformalclothesofemperors,imperialfamillymembers,civilandmilitaryofficials.•Redwasalwaysthespecialcolorofroyalguardsofhonorandconveyances.•Chinesepeopleloveredcolorbecauseitalsosymbolizesprosperity,happinessandgoodluck.•TodaytheChinesepeoplehaveadeepspecialloveforthecolorred.Wheneverthereisahappyevent,peopleautomaticallyexpresstheirfeelingswithred.Thisisthelegacyofacultureseveralthousandyearsold.Tian’anmen(theGateofHeavenlyPeace)isoneofthemostmagnificentgatetowerofChina.ItistheheartofBeijing,thesymbolofChina.thenationalflagofChinaSpringFestival春节（chūnjié）TheSpringFestivalisknownasthemostimportantFestivalinChina.Duringtheholiday,peoplegobacktohometownfromeverywherenomatterhowfarthedistanceis.TheypreparevariousdeliciousfoodandpresentsfortheSpringFestivalEve(thelastdayofChineselunarcalendar).ChinesewillhaveahappyfamilyunionintheSpringFestivalEve,theybelievethat’stheenddayoflastyearandtheywillstayupforgoodluckuntilthefirstdayofnextyear.Traditionalcustoms:1.吃饺子（jiǎozī）eatdumplingsInChina,themosttraditionalandpopularSpringFestivalfoodisdumpling,whichlookslikethehalf-moonwithvegetablesandmeatmixedinit.TheChinesenameofdumplingis“JIAOZI”,”JIAO”means”cross”,”ZI”isChinesetraditionaltimerepresents“24:00”,sotheChineseword“JIAOZI”means“cross24:00”,justthedividingpointoflastyearandnextyear.SowhentheChinesepeoplearewaitingfor24:00,everyfamilyeatsdumplings.2.贴春联（chūnlián）、放烟花（yānhuā）爆竹（bàozhú）putupSpringFestivalcouplets,setfirecrackersandfireworksNoweveryNewYear'seve,puttingupSpringFestivalcoupletsont