中考英语复习(定语从句)

Unit5TheAttributiveClause关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中作用关系代词that人/物主语、宾语、表语which物主语、宾语,表语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语(whose+n.)as主语.宾语Theuseoftherelativepronoun(关系代词)口诀:定语从句三步：第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）第三选择合适的关系词1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.WhatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoosethebestanswers:4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that5.Isoxygentheonlygas__helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98’)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that7.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it关系副词的用法关系副词指代在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/duringwhich)where(=in/at/on/underwhich)why(=forwhich)时间时间状语地点地点状语原因原因状语（一）关系副词where引导的定语从句。where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。例：Chinaistheonlycountrywherewildpandascanbefound.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.知识拓展：1.关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词(in/on/at/under等)+which”引导的定语从句。Eg:Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tclean.＝Thehotelinwhichwestayedwasn’tclean.=Thehotelwhich/thatwestayedinwasn’tclean.ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.=ThehouseinwhichLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.2.若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句，而不用where来引导。Thelibrarythat/whichyouvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.3.如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,condition和case,position等表示抽象意义的词，常用where/prep+which引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。例：I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.【典型例题】1.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation_______theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where2.Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where3.IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why4.TheywillflytoWashington,___theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.whenwhen引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。例：ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.（二）关系副词when引导的定语从句先行词是time时若time是作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导的定语从句，that可以省略。Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.Icouldhardlyrememberhowmanytimes(that)I’vefailed.若time作”一段时间，时代”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导的定语从句Thiswasatatimewhen/duingwhichtherewasnoradios,notelephonesornoTVs.1.Thisisthesecondtime___Ihavebeenhere.2.Canyoustillrememberthetime___wespenttogetherinourchildhood.3.Thefirsttime__hesawher,hefellinlovewithher.(1.that/不填2.that/which3.that/不填)4)Wearelivinginaage____manythingsaredoneontheInternet.A.WhichB.ThatC.WhoseD.when知识拓展：1.关系副词when引导的定语从句也可以转换为“介词(in/at/on/during)+which”引导的定语从句。Istillrememberthetimewhen(duringwhich)Ilivedinthecountryside.2.若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。I’llneverforgetthetimethat/whichIspentoncampus.I’llneverforgetthetimethat/whichwasspentwithyou.1.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone_____local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since2.Wewentthroughaperiod___communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich3.Occasionsarequiterare_____Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhyD.When（三）关系副词why引导的定语从句。why引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如：excuse;explanation;reason等。例：Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcometothepartyisthathedidn’twanttoseeJane.Wecan’taccepttheexcusewhyyouwereabsent.Thisistheexplanationwhytheyputoffthemeeting.知识拓展：1.关系副词why引导的定语从句可以转换为“for+which”引导的定语从句。Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ididn’tcomehere.2.若定语从句的先行词是reason，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。Thereasonthat/whichshegavemewasnottrue.即学即用1)Thereason________hedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.2)Thereasonheexplainedisnottrue.whythat/which3)Thereason___hewasabsentwas___hehadabadcold.A.When,becauseB.When,whyC.WhybecauseD.Whythat(四)Way后接定语从句的情况way后面的定语从句的引导词有which/inwhich/that/不填，如：Irecognizedhe’sfromAustraliafromtheway__________________hespeaks.inwhich(that/不填)填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺状语缺宾语缺少主语或宾语:引导词用that/which/不填(缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺:引导词用that/inwhich/不填1.Idon’tliketheway____youlaughather.Inwhich/that/不填（四）判断关系代词与关系副词1.Thisisthemountainvillage______Ivisitedlastyear.2.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Istayedlastyear.3.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Istayedinlastyear.that/whichwherethat/which/不填介词可后移，此时关系代词可以省略Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebookwhich/that/不填youaskedfor.但是有些固定动词短语不能拆开，介词不能提前，只能能够放在动词的后面Eg.ThisisXuJinglei’slatestmovie(which/that)sheislookingfor.1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone归纳：关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句介词后的关系代词只能是which（指物）whom（指人）介词选择的三原则：一介词根据从句谓语动词的搭配习惯而确定onwhichIspent5yuan.forwhichIpaid5yuan.ThisisthebookfromwhichIlearntalot.aboutwhichTomoftentalks二.介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而确定Ire