英语翻译之增词法解析

1将动词译成名词Asthewarprogressed,hewouldsymbolizetheirfrustrations,theembodimentofallevils.Formalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship.Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.2将形容词译成名词Stevensonwaseloquentandelegant---butsoft.Theywereconsideredinsincere.3Keys:随着战争的进行，他成了他们受挫的象征，成了一切坏事的化身。他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。他们被人认为是伪君子。4AdditioninE-CTranslation5Addition_whytoconformtothegrammarinChinesetoreproduceclearlyandnaturallytodeepenthecross-culturalcommunication6I.VerbAdditionAswehavementioned,EnglishlanguagefeaturesnominalizationwhileChineselanguagelaysmuchemphasisonverbs.Hence,intheprocessofE-Ctranslation,muchattentionshouldbepaidtoverbaddition.7E.g.Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibitions,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommunique.晚上在参加宴会,出席音乐会,观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后的公告.8E.g.2Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats,no“ordinaryChinese”withpaperflagsandbouquetsofflowers.没有发表讲话,没有各国外交官到场,也没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗,花束的场面.9Ex:1.Butifwecanfindcommongroundtoworktogether,thechanceforworldpeaceisimmeasurablyincreased.2.Weshouldacquiredakeensenseofthediversity,dynamism,andprogressofChinaunderyourpoliciesofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld.103.Inthefinalanalysis,theyhavedonealltheseforjustoneobjective,thatis,thegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenationandChina’snewandgreatercontributiontohumanity.11KeytoEx.1.但是,如果我们能够找到进行合作的共同点,那么实现世界和平的机会就将无可估量地大大增加.2.我们强烈感受到你们执行的改革和对外开放政策给中国带来的多样化,活力和进步.3.归根到底就是为了一个目标:实现中华民族的伟大复兴,争取对人类作出新的更大的贡献.12IIAdjectiveAdditionWithwhatenthusiasmtheChinesepeoplearebuildingsocialism!中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！Tom,borninragsanddirtandmisery,whatsightisthis!汤姆生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊！13III.AdverbAdditionE.g.Hewasfascinatedbythepoliticalprocesses—thewheelinganddealingofpresidentialpolicies,themanipulating,releasingandleakingofnews,thepublicandprivatetalks.一幕幕政治花招使他看入迷了:总统竞选活动中的勾心斗角,尔虞我诈;对新闻消息的幕后操纵,公开发表和有意透漏,以及公开的和秘密的谈话.14E.x.1.Thecrowdsmeltedaway.2.Ashesatdownandbegantalking,wordspouredout.3.Nowandthenhisbootsshone.15KeystoEx1.人群渐渐散开了。2.他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。3.他的靴子时常闪闪发亮。16IV.NounAdditionInEnglish,therearemanycircumstancesunderwhichnounshouldbeaddedintheprocessoftranslation.a.Addtheimpliednounsb.Addnounsbeforeadjectives.c.Addnounsafterabstractnouns.d.Addnounsafterspecificnouns.17a:E.g.1.Dayafterdayhecametohiswork—sweeping,scrubbing,cleaning.他每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。2.Marywashedforalivingafterherhusbanddiedofacutepneumonia.玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。.18b:1.Thistypewriterisindeedcheapandfine.这部打印机真是价廉物美。2.Heisacomplicatedman—moody,mercurial,withamelancholystreak.他是一个性格复杂的人——喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。19C,dAddnounsafterabstractnounsorspecificnouns.Someabstractnounsderivingfromverboradjectivesusuallydenotemuchmoreabstractmeanings.Inordertoexpressclearly,somenounsshouldbeadded.20cForexamples:Topersuade,persuasion说服工作Toprepare,preparation准备工作Backward,backwardness落后状态Tense,tension紧张局势Arrogant,arrogance自满情绪Madmadness疯狂行为21E.g.1.Inthesummerof1969,theAdministrationpubliclyurgedaneasingoftensionswithChina.1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。E.x.1.Measuresmustbetakentoimprovethebackwardnessinthewestdistrict.2.Thekillingofthehostageshasdeepenedthepublic’santagonism.22dAddnounsafterspecificnouns.E.g.1.Hefeltthepatriotrisewithinhisbreast.他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。2.Heallowedthefathertobeoverruledbythejudge,anddeclaredhisownsonguilty.他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。23V.Addingwordsdenotingpluralforms.英语名词复数和汉语复数的差异:英语名词的复数通常是通过在名词后加复数词缀而来的。汉语名词复数的构成形式：1.名词前加上重叠式的量词（条条道路，一丛丛白桦树，种种体制）2.使用单数形式，但强调的是复数（每一家公司，各家公司）3.直接强调全体（所有公司）24增加重叠词表示复数1.Flowersbloomallovertheyard.朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。2.NewsmenwentflyingofftoMexico.记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。25Ex.Therewererowsofhouseswhichhehadneverseenbefore.26一排排的房子都是他从来没有见过的。27增加数词或其他词表示复数Thelionisthekingofanimals.狮子是百兽之王。ThemountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueShadowsoverthevalley.群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色长影。28VI.增加表达时态的词1.Ihadknowntwogreatsocialsystems.那时以前，我就经历过两大社会制度。2.Theoldmanhadtaughttheboytofishandtheboylovedhim.原来是老头儿已经教会了孩子捕鱼，所以孩子很爱他。3.Iwas，andremain，gratefulforthepartheplayedinmyrelease.我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。29增加量词Aredsunroseslowlyfromthecalmsea.一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。Intothedimcloudswasswimmingacrescentmoon.一钩新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里去了。30Assignment：Theytalkedforalmosteighthours,throughdinnerandwellintothenight.“Thisisgraspingatstraws，Iknow，”saidthehelplessman.Heateanddrank,forhewasexhausted.Hewaswrinkledandblack,withscantgrayhair.Veryacuteproblemsexistamongthem.IknewitquitewellasIknowitnow.Thistoowasacompletelie.31RevisionV,Adj,Adv,N