英语翻译课第二单元 词类转译法(工大版)

第二单元词类转译法（转性法）1.ConversionintoVerbsFamiliesupstairshavetocarrypailstothehydrantdownstairsforwater.住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。VietnameseWarisadrainonAmericanresources.越南战争不断的消耗美国的资源。（名词转为动词）Thegovernmentcalledfortheestablishmentofmoretechnicalschools.政府号召建立更多的技术学校。（名词转为动词）Everymorningshewouldgotothelakeareaforawalk.每天早上，她都要去湖区散步。（名词转为动词）1)NounsconvertedintoverbsThesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，我感到心驰神往。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已被用来探索宇宙。IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我认为我的小弟弟比我教得好。2)PrepositionsConvertedintoVerbs“Coming!”Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheverandah,andintotheporch.“来啦！”她转身蹦跳着越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯。Aforceisneededtomoveanobjectagainstinertia.为使物体克服惯性而运动，就需要一个力。Millionsofthepeopleinthemountainousareasarefamilyoffpoverty.千百万山区人民终于摆脱了贫穷。(介词转为动词)Hecametomyhomeforhelp.他来到我家，请求帮助。（介词转为动词）Atnoon,shecamehomeforlunch.中午，她回家吃午饭。（介词转为动词）Thepeoplearewithhim.人民拥护他。（介词转为动词）Thewomen,withhertwodaughters,arrived.这妇女带着她的两个女儿到了。（介词转为动词）Hecaughttheballwithhislefthand.他用左手接球。（介词转为动词）Hewasawaybeforedawn.他是黎明前出发的。（介词转为动词）Everyonewasawayforholiday.大家都去度假了。（介词转为动词）Whatareyouafter?你追求什么？（介词转为动词）3)AdjectivesConvertedintoVerbsconfident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious,grateful,able,etcDoctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife.医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。Thefactthatshewasabletosendamessagewasahint.ButIhadtobecautious.她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。Bothofthesubstancesaresolubleinwater.两种物质都能溶于水。Itwasaveryinformativemeeting.会上透露了很多信息。（形容词转为动词）4)AdverbsConvertedintoVerbsAsheranout,heforgottohavehisshoeson.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋。Whentheswitchisoff,thecircuitisopenandelectricitydoesn’tgothrough.当开关断开时，电路就形成开路，电流不能通过。Inthiscasethetemperatureinthefurnaceisup.这种情况下，炉温就升高。2.ConversionintoNouns1)VerbsconvertedintoNounsSuchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他们看来，他就是绝对权力的化身。Thedesignaimsatautomaticoperation,easyregulation,simplemaintenanceandhighproductivity.设计的目的在于自动操作，调节方便，维护简易，生产率高。2)AdjectivesConvertedintoNounsTheydidtheirbesttohelpthesickandthewounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。Boththecompoundsareacids,theformerisstrong,thelatterweak.这两种化合物都是酸，前者是强酸，后者是弱酸。Inthefissionprocessthefissionfragmentsareveryradioactive.在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。3)PronounsConvertedintoNounsRadiowavesaresimilartolightwavesexceptsthattheirwavelengthismuchgreater.无线电波与光波相似，但无线电波的波长要长得多。Thespecificresistanceofironisnotsosmallasthatofcopper.铁的电阻系数不如铜的电阻系数那样小。Theresultofthisexperimentismuchbetterthanthoseofpreviousones.这次实验的结果比前几次的实验结果都好得多。3.ConversionintoAdjectives1)NounsintoAdjectivesThepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。Thisexperimentwasasuccess.这个实验很成功。Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.学习中的独立思考是绝对必须的。2)AdverbsConvertedintoAdjectivesEarthquakesarecloselyrelatedtofaulting.地震与地层断裂有密切的关系。Itisdemonstratedthatgasesareperfectlyelastic.人们已经证实，气体具有理想的弹性。Thepressureinsideequalsthepressureoutside.内部的压力和外部的压力相等。Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.他身体虽弱，但心智健全。4.ConversionintoAdverbs1)AdjectivesConvertedintoAdverbsBelow4C,waterisincontinuousexpansioninsteadofcontinuouscontraction.水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收缩。Onlywhenwestudytheirpropertiescanwemakebetteruseofthematerials.只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。Ahelicopterisfreetogoalmostanywhere.直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方去。2)NounsandVerbsConvertedintoAdverbsIhavethehonortoinformyouthatyourrequestisgranted.我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。Rapidevaporationattheheating-surfacetendstomakethesteamwet.加热面上的迅速蒸发，往往使蒸汽的湿度变大。5.ConversionofSentenceElementsAsthematchburns,heatandlightaregivenoff.火柴燃烧时发出光和热。Thissortofstonehasarelativedensityof2.7.这种石头的相对密度是2.7。Caremustbetakenatalltimestoprotecttheinstrumentfromdustanddamp.应当始终注意保护仪器，不使其沾染灰尘和受潮。Verbsconvertedintonouns他总是喝很多酒。Heisagreatdrinker.他这个人最爱说话了。Heisagreattalker.他妹妹老是说谎。Hissisterisagreatliar.（我儿子拉洋车。（老舍：《柳家大院》）Mysonisarickshawpuller很难把这一部小说列入哪一个类型中去。Thisnoveldefieseasyclassification.他们教导我们要珍惜每一个机会。Theytaughtusthevalueofanopportunity.他长期以来习惯在最后一分钟作出决定。Hehaslongbeenusedtolast-minutedecision.她对他们越来越憎恨。Herhatredforthemgrewmore.Verbsconvertedintopreps11点时，他已睡在被窝里。Hewasbetweensheetsbyeleven.他用手指在墙上写下了自己的名字。Hewrotedownhisownnameonthewallwithhisfinger.许多学生反对他。Manystudentsareagainsthim.我永远支持你。RememberthatIamalwayswithyou.Verbsconvertedintoadjs那个家伙老是滔滔不绝讲个不停。Thatfellowisverytalkative.他读书时不加选择。Heisindiscriminateinreading.他们迫切地想弄到消息。Theywerenews-hungry.Verbsconvertedintoadvs你们现在得走了。Youmustbeoffnow.演出已经开始了。Theperformanceison.Nounsconvertedintoadvs这家报纸的社论说，拒不解决夫妻分居两地的问题，是同中央的精神背道而驰的。ThepapersaideditoriallythatitisagainstthespiritoftheCentralCommitteeo