宾语从句用法小结

宾语从句用法小结宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的语法之一。中考经常会出现相关的题目。掌握宾语从句应注意引导词（连词），语序以及时态三方面要素。下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容宾语从句句式连词语序陈述句that不变一般疑问句If/whether改为陈述语序特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序宾语从句的时态问题主句一般现在时态一般过去时态从句保留原来时态改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化一般现在时态一般过去时态现在进行时态过去进行时态(was/weredoing)现在完成时态过去完成时态（had过去分词）一般将来时态过去将来时态（woulddo.was/weregoingtodo）接下来我们一起来具体了解宾语从句的用法以及应注意点（你认为重要的或者容易出错的地方最好用红笔划出来）一、宾语从句的引导词1.当由陈述句来充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义常省略。eg.Ithink(that)heisright.Iknow(that)sheisaCanadianathlete.I’msure(that)hewillgetthejob.I’mglad(that)youaretryingtohelpothers.Hetellsme(that)hewillworkhardthisterm.特别注意：宾语从句否定意义的转移。若主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess等词，而且主句的主语是第一人称时候，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如：Idon’tthinkhehastimetocometotheparty.2.当由特殊疑问句做宾语从句时，引导词由原来的特殊疑问词来充当。有意义不能省略。从句的语序要用陈述语序。句末的标点符号由主句决定。常出现的特殊疑问词：when,why,how,where,who、whom、whose、which,what等。eg.1)Heasks.Howcantheygettoschool?Heaskshowtheycangettoschool.2)Doyouknow?Whendidhebuythispen?Doyouknowwhenheboughtthispen?3)Canyoutellme?Whatisyourname?Canyoutellmewhatyournameis?3.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”“是不是”“能否”等。eg.1)Heasksmeif/whetherhecancome.2)I’mnotsureif/whethershewillhelpme.3)Doyouknowif/whetherthetrainwillarriveontime?特别注意：1）直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether不用ifeg.Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome让我知道他是否能来。2）介词之后用whether不用ifeg.Theyaretalkingaboutwhetherhewillwinthegame.I’mworriedaboutwhethertheywillarriveontime.3)不定式前用whether不用if二、宾语从句要用陈述句语序宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前(1)主句＋（that）从句（主语＋谓语……）；(2)主句＋if/whether从句（主语＋谓语…）；(3)主句＋特殊疑问词+陈述句语序（主语＋谓语…）eg.Doyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer?Canyoutellmewhatyournameis?特别注意：What’sthematter?作为宾语从句时有两种前况。当它的解释是“怎么了？”时，语序不要变化。当它的解释是“这是什么物质？”时，要变为陈述句语序。如：Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatthematterwas.Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatwasthematter?三、宾语从句的时态要遵循时态的一致性原则。宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”1.主句是一般现在时，宾语从句时态不受主句谓语动词的影响，根据实际情况而定。eg.IknowthatshewillleaveChinatomorrow.DoyouknowwhyIcouldpasstheexamlastterm?2.主句是一般过去时，宾语从句时态要用与过去相关的时态。比如，一般过去时，过去完成时，过去将来时等等。eg.Mr.Kingdidn’tknowwhenhissoncamehomeyesterdayevening.Hewantedtoknowwhenthemeetingwouldstart.Shedidn’ttelluswhereshelived.3.主句是一般过去时，但如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象，其谓语时态则仍然一般现在时。eg.Theteachertolduslighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.Hesaidthatthesunrisesintheeast.Shesaidthatherfatheristwenty-eightyearsolderthanher.特别注意：若是主句出现Couldyoutellme?Wouldyoupleasetellme?这样的句型，并不表示过去时只是表示比较婉转的语气，其后的宾语从句时态根据实际情况而定。不要混淆哦。做题目要特别注意。eg.Couldyoutellmewhetheryouwillcallmethisevening?四、宾语从句和状语从句的分辩在某些情况下，同学们容易混淆宾语从句和状语从句。如if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。可以用以下方法来处理：当if解释为“是否”时，其引导的是宾语从句。遵循宾语从句的时态规则。Hedoesn’tknowifthefamoussingerwillcometomorrow.当if解释为“如果”时，其引导的是条件状语从句。遵循的是“主将从一”的时态规则。Hewillcomeifhehastimetomorrow.五、例题讲解(1)Heasked____________.A.thatshewasfreethenextweekB.ifshehasdoneherworkC.whatdidshedoD.whathernamewas根据语序可以排除C,根据时态可以排除B,根据asked可以判断后面是疑问句，不可能用that这个连词，因此选择D.（2）Didn’tyourteachersay_______________?A.howlongyouwouldbeawayB.themoontraveledroundtheearthC.thatPeterisverycleverD.thatlighttravelsfasterthansound根据say排除A,因为它后面只能跟陈述句，根据主句时态排除C,而B,D都属于客观事实，应该用一般现在时态，所以只能选D.六、实践操练1．Inthebookshop，areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook．A．thatB．howC．whatD．if2．—Idon'tknow_____Mr．Greenwillcometoseeus．—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish．A．whyB．whenC．howD．where3．—Weneverknow_____theoldmanis．—Theysayheisateacher．A．whatB．whoC．whichD．where4.—Doyouknow_____？I'mgoingtoseehim．—Sorry，Idon'tknow．A．wheredoesMr．LiliveB．wheredidMr．LiliveC．whereMr．LilivesD．whereMr．Lilived5.Idon'tfeelverywell．Mumaskedme_____thismorning．A．whatthematterisB．whatiswrongC．whatwasthematterD．whatwrongwas6.Doyouknow______?A.WhattimewilltheplanetakeoffB.WhattimewouldtheplanetakeoffC.WhattimetheplanewilltakeoffD.theplanewilltakeoffatwhattime7.Themanagercameuptosee_______.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter8.Theteacherdidn’tbeginherclass_________thestudentsstoppedtalking.A．untilB．becauseC．afterD．when9.Ifit__________tomorrow,we’llgototheGreatwall.A．doesn’trainB．won’trainC．notrainsD．isn’train10..Couldyoutellme__________wegettotheplane?A．howB．whetherC．whereD．what11.Theteachersays__________shewillleaveamessageontheheadmaster’sdesk.A．ifB．whoC．thatD．what12.Youmustmakeyournewhousecleanandsafe__________youmovein.A．becauseB．whenC．beforeD．until13.Iwas________tired_________Icouldn’twalkon.A．so…thatB．too…toC．very…thatD．very…to14.Ithoughthe________toseehismotherifhe_________time.A．willgo…hasB．willgo…willhaveC．wouldgo…wouldhaveD．wouldgo…had参考答案：DAACCCAAAACCAD1.WangHaitoldme__hedidn'tgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)2.Canyoutellme__elseisgoingtobeonduty?(who,whom)3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.(that,if)4.Healwaysthinks___hecandobetter.(how,who)5.Ihopehe(come)backinaweek.6.DoitcostmuchmoneytoflytoBeijing?Couldyoutellme?(合并为一个复合句)Couldyoutellme___it____muchmoneytoflytoBeijing?7.Iamgoodatswimming.Jacksaid._____________________________________8.AretheyfromGermany?Tomasked._______________________________________9.Didthatgirlbreakthewindow?Pleasetellme.__________________________________________10Howmanygirlsareth