高考英语定语从句重难点解析(1)

•定语从句在高考中的考查重点：•1.对“介词+关系代词”的考查；•2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别；•3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别；•4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查；•5.such…as与such…that的区别；thesame…as与thesame…that的区别；•6.that与which引导的定语从句的区别；•7.含有插入语的定语从句；•8.theway作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用inwhich,that或者省略；•9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。定语从句总结关系词关系代词关系副词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseaswhenwherewhy关系词在从句中先行词指人先行词指物所做成分主语who/thatthat/which宾语whom/who/thatthat/which（可省略）（可省略）定语whosewhose关系副词◊when定语从句中做地点状语【2011福建卷）33】ItwasApril29,2001____PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.A．thatB．whenC．sinceD．berore◊where定语从句中做地点状语【2011】You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as◊why定语从句中做地点状语3.定语从句分类及区别•限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句的先行词与定语从句之间无标点符号，可以紧挨着，也可以被几个词隔开；eg.【2012安徽卷）】ThereisaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanAmericanwriter____Ireadrecently.非限定性定语从句的先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。【2011四川卷）17】Theschoolshop,____customersaremainlystudents,isclosedintheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.wherePs：专有名词只能由非限定性定语从句修饰。eg.Beijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina,isabeautifulcity.cthat◎介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，引导词用whom。如：ThisistheshipbywhichIwenttoShanghai.ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthebook.介词选择1.根据从句中的谓语动词选择介词，构成动词短语。（1）Idon’tknowtheforeignerwithwhommyteachershookhands.Idon’tknowtheforeignerwhom/whomyteachershookhandswith.(shakehandswith)（2）Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?(payfor)（3）Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosbforhelp)D(2004全国卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich解析：本句主句部分应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.从句补全为独立的句子是:Mystudentsactedintheplay.故答案选C。〖09江西〗ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.throughwhichB.onwhichC.inthatD.inwhich注意：①介词+which(指物)，介词+whom(指人)②有的由动词+介词构成的短语是不能分开的，因为这些介词存在于关系密切的固定短语中如lookafter,lookfor,listento等。ThisisthepencilwhichMaLiliislookingfor.（√）ThisisthepencilforwhichMaLiliislooking.（×）2.根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。▪ThetwothingsaboutwhichKarlMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.(besureabout)▪TheteacherofwhomthestudentsinourclassarefondisMrWang,ourEnglishteacher.(befondof)4,----Wheredidyougettoknowher?-------Itwasonthefarm_______weworked.A,thatB,thereC,whichD,where(2007山东)【2011江西卷）34】Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_____hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhichc3.当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when,where,why替换。介词+关系代词=关系副词（when,why,where）例如：（1）I”llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)Ijoinedthearmy.（2）Thefactoryinwhich(=where)hisfatherworksisfarawayfrommyhometown.（3）Idon”tknowthereasonforwhich(=why)hewaslate.4.根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。例如：▪ThisisthepilotforwhomIboughtacamera.‘▪Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.▪Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.▪【2013江西卷】Hestoodbythewindow,throughwhichhecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.1.(2004全国卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_______thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich解析：关系代词which指代thejourney,定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.故答案选A。2.(2004全国卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich解析：本句主句部分应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.从句补全为独立的句子是:Mystudentsactedintheplay.故答案选C。3.(2004上海卷)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talkwith的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。1).Thisisthereason________________helefthishometown.2).I’llneverforgettheday_________________westayedtogether3).Thisisthegirl___________Ilearnedthenews.4).Thisisthegirl_____istakengoodcare___inthehospital.5).I’llshowyouastore________________youmaybuyallthatyouneed.6).Idon’tliketheway__________________youlaughedather.forwhich/whyonwhich/whenfromwhomofinwhich/whereinwhich/thatwho♥介词与关系代词♥()Haveadiscussion方法总结1.先行词为人,关系代词用介词+whom;先行词为物,关系代词用介词+which;2.固定的动词+介词短语,介词不能提前。3.关系代词和关系副词有时可转换：where,when,why=介词+which4.先行词是theway时,且从句中缺少方式状语时，关系词用that/inwhich或省略.想一想总结:As和which易混句型难点剖析which和Thatas与which的区别1).Themeeting,_______washeldinthepark,wasagreatsuccess.2).Iwillreadasmanybooks_____arerequired..3).Shehasmarriedagain,_______wasunexpected4).___isknowntousall,TaiwanisapartofChina.whichwhichAsas1.Which代替的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或整个句子；which从句不能放在句首;2.as一般代替整个句子,从句则可以放句首,句中或句尾,表示“正如”，或“像…一样”。例如asisknown,aseveryoneknows,asissaid,asoftenhappens,asyoucansee,asitis……;先行词前有as,so,such,thesame修饰时,关系代词常用as。注意：so/such…as…与so/such…that…eg.Heissuchagoodteacheraseveryonelikes.Heissuchagoodteacherthateveryonelikeshim.总结:区别thesame…as与thesame…thatThisisthesameskirtasIboughtyesterday.ThisisthesameskirtthatIboughtyesterday.1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。