Listening Skills

ListeningSpeakingReadingWritingWhatarethefourskillsregardinglanguagelearning?Whichskillisthemostdifficulttoyouandwhy?Whathaveyoudonetoenhancethatskill?Activity1DoyouhearwhatIhear?Process:Bottom-up:Generatethemainideafromdetails•Weuseourknowledgeoflanguageandourabilitytoprocessacousticsignalstomakesenseofthesoundsthatspeechpresentstous.Top-down:deductdetailsfromthemainidea•Weinfermeaningfromcontextualcluesandfrommakinglinksbetweenthespokenmessageandvarioustypesofpriorknowledgewhichwehold.Types:Gist–onlylistenformainideaSelective-focusoncertaininformationIntensive-focusondetailsTherightwaytodolistening•Retaininputwhileitisbeingprocessed.•Recognizeworddivisions.•Recognizekeywordsinutterances.•Recognizekeytransitionsinadiscourse:•Anotherinterestingdevelopmentwas…•Oneoftheproblemswas…/Incontrast…•Recognizegrammaticalrelationsbetweenkeyelementsinsentences.•Recognizethefunctionofwordstressinsentences.•Recognizethefunctionofintonationinsentences.Bottom-upprocesses•Usekeywordstoconstructtheschemaofdiscourse.•Infertheroleoftheparticipantsinasituation.•Inferthetopicofadiscourse.•Infertheoutcomeofanevent.•Inferthecauseandeffectofanevent.•Inferunstateddetailsofasituation.•Inferthesequenceofaseriesofevents.•Infercomparisons.•Distinguishbetweenfactsandopinions.Top-downprocessesRecognizingsoundsIdentifyingmeaninggroupInferringmeaningPredictingListeningSkillsAcceptthefactthatyouarenotgoingtounderstandeverything.Stayrelaxedwhenyoudonotunderstand--evenifyoucontinuetohavetroubleunderstandingforawhile.Donottranslateintoyournativelanguage.Listenforthegist(orgeneralidea)oftheconversation.Don'tconcentrateondetailuntilyouhaveunderstoodthemainidea.TipsEducationalConcerns