英语词类讲解英语的词通常分为十大类,即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。1.名词noun普通名词(commonnoun):是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。luggage,success,traffic专有名词(propernoun):是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。Tom,China,ATaleofTwoCities,March,Saturday可数性:可数名词(countablenouns)&不可数名词(uncountablenouns)①冠词的使用②单复数s/es③谓语动词的搭配*集合类名词:council,government,group,jury,team,family名词的功能:1.主语:Thebagsareinthedesk.2.宾语:Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.3.表语:Thisisagoodbook.4.宾语补足语:Weselectedhimourmonitor.5.介词宾语:Maryliveswithherparents.6.定语:SheisaPartymember.womendoctorsmeetingrooms2.冠词(Article)不定冠词(indefinitearticle):a,an(发音以元音开头)Exercise:university,umbrella,honestchild,Italian定冠词(definitearticle):the特定的一个或一些,独一无二thesun,theinternationalmarket,themostbeautiful,playtheguitar冠词an的使用(1)拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词hour,honest,honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头,但其读音却以元音开头,因此,前面要用an。(2)拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词useful,university,usual,united,European,one-eyed,one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头,但其读音却以元音开头,因此,前面要用a。(3)在26个英文字母中,a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x这12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母的读音则是以辅音开头的Thewordemptyincludes___m“and___y.3.代词(pronoun)人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,相互代词,指示代词,疑问代词(who,whom,whose,which,what),关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that),不定代词(each,every,most,either,neither,both)人称主格宾格形容词性的物主代词名词性的物主代词反身代词我Imemyminemyself你youyouyouryoursyourself他hehimhishishimself她sheherherhersherself它Itititsitsitself我们weusweoursourselves你们youyouyouryoursyourselves他们theythemtheytheirsourselves指示代词:this,that,these,those4.数词(numeral)基数词/序数词first/firstly/firstofall/inthefirstplacesecond,secondly,secondofall,inthesecondplace5.形容词(adjective)-ed人的感受-ing引发情感的事物或人tired,tiring;amazed,amazing;fascinated,fascinating;Iwasamazedatthevarietyofwonderfulanimals.It’sanabsolutelyamazingcitytovisit.功能:1.定语:Thehighpricesurprisedhim.Shetoldussomethinginteresting.(后置定语)enoughfood,beautifulenough2.表语:Thesunwashot.3.补语:Theyfindthebookquiteinteresting.4.主语或宾语:Therichlikelivinginthecountryside.5.状语:Wetorfine,hegotupatsixandtookawalkinthepark.(=Whetheritwaswetorfine,hegotupatsixandtookawalkinthepark.Exercise1:-ed,-ing1.Iwasreally_____(please)whenIopenedmypresentbecauseitwasjustwhatIwanted.2.ThejunglewasfullofstrangenoisesandIfelt____(frighten)duringthewholetrip.3.Havingawarmbathcanbevery_____(relax)afterexercise.4.Mytripthroughthejunglewasthemost_____(excite)AdventureI’veeverhad.Ican’twaittogoback.6.副词(Adverb)(1)一般副词主要分为以下几种:①时间副词,如:today,now,tomorrow,for3minutes②地点副词,如:here,there,above,outside③方式副词,如:hard,well,badly,fast,slowly④程度副词,如:very,quite,much,still,almost⑤频率副词,如:often,always,sometimes,never(2)疑问副词(放在特殊疑问句的句首),如:how,when,where,why(3)关系副词(放在定语从句句首),如:when,where,why(4)连接副词(放在名词从句句首),如:how,when,where,why,whether功能:1.作状语:a.Youshouldalwaysreviewyourlessons.b.Thevisitorsarewarmlywelcomedbythestudents.c.Certainlyweshouldtryoutbesttoimproveourwork.2.作表语:a.Heisabroad.b.Theclassisover.c.Thefootballmatchison.3.作定语:a.Heturnedtheradiodownsothatheshouldn’tdisturbtheoldladydownstairs.(后置定语)4.作补语a.IfoundallthelightsonwhenIgothomelastnight.形容词和副词的比较等级1.原级的用法:as+adj/adv+as,表示“…和…一样”notas/so+adj/adv+as,表示“…和…不一样”2.比较级的用法:adj/adv比较级+than3.最高级的用法:˃=3the+adj/adv的最高级+(名词)+表示范围的短语或从句7.动词(verb)分类:系动词,情态动词,实义动词,助动词基本形式:原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词系动词:be动词、感官类动词(feel,smell,taste,look,sound)、表示变(become,get,grow,turn)情态动词:(1)can,could和beableto①表示能力Wecan’taffordtopaythebill.Shecouldn’tspeakChinesewhenshecametoourschoollastmonth.Hehasnowrecoveredfromhisinjuryandisabletodriveagain.Beableto代替can,也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could),而beableto则有更多的时态形式②表示允许,准许,这时can与may可以互换Can/MayItakeanotherbiscuit?③表示客观可能性,用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人的怀疑、猜测或不肯定。Hecannot/can’tbethere.④could除表示can的过去式外,在口语中还常代替can,表示非常委婉的请求。Could/CanIaskyousomethingifyouarenotbusy?(2)may,might①表示“准许”和“许可”,这时可与can替换。②表示说话人的猜测,认为某事“可能”发生③might除表示may的过去式外,在口语中还常代替may,表示非常委婉的请示或实现的可能性较小。Thetemperaturecansometimesreach40℃inJuly.(确定)Itmay/might/couldrainlater.(不能用can)(3)oughtto,shouldoughtto和should作情态度动词用,都是“应该”、“应当”的意思。oughtto语气较,指客观上有责任、有义务去做某事,或按观念和道理也应对某事负责。should指主观上认为有责任和义务去做,但语意不如oughtto强。(4)must,haveto①must表示说话人的主观意志,表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等haveto表示“必须”、“不得不”,它不仅能代替must,用于现在时和过去时以外的其他时态,表示说话人的主观看法,而且又表示客观上的需要。Togetacheapticket,youmust/havetobookinadvance.②must表示推测,“一定是”、“准是”,Theymustbeverytired.Letthemhavearest.③在回答must的疑问句时,否定回答常用needn’t表示“不必”,例如:MustIreturnthisbooktoyouintwoweeks?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.(5)mustn’t,don’thaveto,needn’t①mustn’t(notallowed)needn’t,don’thaveto(notnecessary)Youmustn’twalkonthegrasshere.Youneedn’t/don’thavetocomeifyou’rebusy.(6)will,would①表示意愿will表示现在的意愿,would表示过去的意愿:Gowhereyouwill.SheaskedifIwouldgowiththem.②表示征求意见或提出请求的区别主要用于第二人称的疑问句中,will和would均可用,would此时并不表示过去,而表示委婉语气:Won’tyoutakeoffyourcoat?Will/Wouldyoupleaseposttheletterforme?③表示习惯和倾向性的区别(usedto)现在、过去SthareorwerealwaystrueAbabywillrecognizeitsmother’svoicesoonafteritisborn.Whenhewasachild,hewouldoftengoskating.8.介词(preposition)(1)表示时间:A、表示在某时间.常用介词at,on,in等。a、用at来表示在某一段时刻:atdawn/atnoon/atnight/atmidnightatsix:在6点钟b、用at来表示在……岁时atsixteen/attheageofsixteen:16岁的时候c、用on来表示在星期几/某日onMonday:在星期一onJune4th:在6月4日onChristmasDay:在圣诞节那一天B、表示期间常用介词during,for,over,within,throughout,from和to等。during用于已知的一段时间包括大