英语诗歌欣赏

《英语诗歌欣赏》EvaluationandAppreciationofEnglishPoetry“Theliteraturethatiswritteninsomekindofverseform.-----areader’sdefinition“thebestwordsinthebestorder.”-----SamuelTaylorColeridge“nottheassertionthatsomethingistrue,butthemakingofthattruthmorefullyrealtous.”-----T.S.EliotLiteraturethatisnotprose1.amusicaleffectcreatedbyrhythmandsounds2.apreciseandfreshimagery3.multiplelevelsofinterpretationbytheconnotationofcloserwordsandbyallusionsⅠ.TheMusicalEffectofPoetryPoetryhasitsrootsinsong.epics,ballads,travelingbards,minstrelsMusicaleffectsaremainlycreatedbyrhythm.Foot----agroupofsyllablesformingametricalunit,aunitofrhythm.Meter---thepatternofstressedandunstressedsyllablesusedinpoem.伐木丁丁，鸟鸣嘤嘤。——四言诗欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。——五言诗春风又绿江南岸。——七言诗monometer（单音步)pentameter（五音步）dimeter（双音步）hexameter（六音步）trimeter（三音步）heptameter（七音步）tetrameter（四音步）octameter（八音步）︱雪压︱冬云︱白絮︱飞︱1234——tetrameterTwinkletwinklelittlestar——tetrameter阴平、阳平、上声、去声—／∨＼↘↙↘↙平仄老夫喜作黄昏颂，满目青山夕照明。仄平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。平仄互协“音乐的和有趣的思想结合”——爱伦·坡“欲调曼声，必谐三声“（平、上、去）高低疾徐抑扬顿挫——汉语四声调的特色阴平声轻，阳平声重，上声后而举，去声清而远stressed---accent重音—扬unstressed---unaccented轻音—抑fivemetricpatterns（音律）1．Iambic抑扬格→∨∕:control2．Trochaic扬抑格→∕∨:tiger3．Anapestic抑抑扬格→∨∨∕:contradict4．Dactylic扬抑抑格→∕∨∨:foolishness5．Spondaic扬扬格→∕∕:moonstone∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕lTheskyishigh,thecloudsarepale.-----iambictetrameter四步抑扬格∕∨∕∨∕∨∕∨lDoubledoubletoilandtrouble∕∨∕∨∕∨∕∨Fireburnandcauldronbubble-----ShakespeareIt’strochaictetrameter.(四步扬抑格)lLikeachildfromthewombLikeaghostfromthetombIariseandinbuiltitagain.-----Shelley----Anapestictetrameterandtrimeter∨∨∕∨∕lI’dadreamto-night,∨∨∕∨∕AsIfeelasleep-----anapesticandiambicdimeterElegywritteninaCountryChurchyard-----ThomasGrayThecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,Thelowingherdwindslowingo’erthelea,Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,Andleavestheworldtodarknessandme.∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕Thecur︱fewtolls︱theknell︱ofpar︱tingday,︱∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕Thelow︱ingherd︱windslow︱ingo’er︱thelea,︱∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∕Theplow︱manhome︱wardplods︱hiswea︱ryway,︱∨∕∨∕∨∕∨∨∕Andleaves︱theworld︱todark︱nessandme.︱∨∕∨∨∕∨∨∕∨Therewas︱ayoungla︱dyofNi︱ger∨∕∨∨∕∨∨∕∨Whosmiled︱assherode︱onati︱ger∨∨∕∨∨∕Theyreturned︱fromtheride︱∨∨∕∨∨∕Withthela︱dyinside︱∨∨∕∨∨∕∨∨∕∨Andthesmile︱ontheface︱oftheti︱gerApoemforappreciation-----goodandharmoniouscombinationofrhythmandrhyme.MyHeart’sintheHighlands.------RobertBurnsMyheart’sintheHighlands,myheartisnothere,Myheart’sintheHighlandsa-chasingthedear,A-chasingthewilddeerandfollowingtheroe-Myheart’sintheHighlands,whereverIgo?ⅠFarewelltotheHighlands,farewelltotheNorth,Thebirthplaceofvalor,thecountryofworth,WhereverIwonder,whereverIrove,ThehillsofHighlandsforeverIlove.ⅡFarewelltothemountainshighcoveredwithsnow,Farewelltothestrathsandgreenvalleysbelow,Farewelltotheforestsandwild-hangingwoods,Farewelltothetorrentsandloud-pouringfloods.*Rhyme(rime)大江歌罢掉头东dong→a↘邃密群科济世穷qiong→a→rimetogether面壁十年图破壁,bi→b难酬滔海亦英雄.xiong→a↗Abookofverseunderneaththebough,Ajugofwine,aloafofbread---andthou,Besidemesinginginthewilderness,O,wildnesswereparadiseenow.Thefirst,secondandfourthlinerimetogether.FromOmarKheyyan---byEdwardFitzgerald《鲁拜集》美酒佐干粮，树荫诵诗章，君喉歌宛转，荒漠即天堂。——郭沫若（译）TypesofRhyme1.1.Endrhyme（尾韵）-----rhymeestablishedattheendofverseline.2.Internalrhyme（中间韵）-----rhymecontainedwithinalineofverse.Spring----ThomasNashSpring,thesweetspring,istheyearspleasantkingThenbloomseachthing,thenmaidsdanceinringColddothnotsting,theprettybirdsdosing.Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!ThepalmandmaymakecountryhousesgayLambsfriskandplay,theshepherdspipeallday,AndwehearaybirdstunethismerrylayCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Thefieldsbreathesweet,Thedaisieskissourfeet;Youngloversmeet,Oldwivesa-sunningsit;IneverystreetthesetunesourearsdogreetCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Spring!thesweetspring:Thefirststanza:spring----thing----stingking----ring----singThesecondstanza:may-----play----aygay----day----layThethirdstanza:Sweet----meet----streetFeet----sit----greatCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!3.Slantrhyme----aninexactrhymewherethefinalconsonantsoundsarethesamebutthevowelsoundsaredifferent.nearrhyme,half-rhyme,partialrhyme.Andbyhissmile,Iknowthatsullenhall,Byhisdeadsmile,Iknowwestoodinhell.1.4.Eyerhyme----therhymingoftwowordswhichlookasifthey’drhyme,butdonot.e.g.move----love1)Onesyllablerhyme（押单韵）orsinglerhyme----usuallycalledasmasculinerime,malerime.2)Doublerhyme（押双韵）----rhymeinwhichtwoconsecutivesyllablesoftherhymewordsmatch.Thefirstsyllablecarriesthestress.Lightness,elegancefeminine,femalerhymee.g:motion---oceanwaken---forsakenaudition---rendition3)Triplerhyme（三重韵）e.g:glorious---victorious*Othermusicaldevices----theuseofsounds1.Alliteration首字韵----repetitionoftwoormoreinitialconsonantssoundsinwordswithinaverseline.e.g:Whenfortitudehaslostitsfire,Andfreezesintofear.Itylus---SwinburneSwallow,mysister,o,sister,swallow,WhywiltthouflyafterspringtotheSouth,Thesoftsouthwitherthineheartisset.bagandbaggageMightandmainhaleandheartyTimeandtidewaitfornomanthickandthinfitasafiddleapiginapoke12.Onomatopoeia拟声词----theuseofawordwhosesoundsuggestsitsmeaningorwhichimitatesthesoundmadebyanobjectorcreature.e.g:cuckoo,jug