英语诗歌鉴赏--Appreciation of English Poems

AppreciationofEnglishPoems诗是最古老最基本最具有文学特质的文学形式。英国最早有文字记载的诗是Beowulf。它作为口头文学形式产生于公元6世纪，书面记载完成于公元7世纪到8世纪之间。Whatispoetry?伟大的希腊哲学家Aristotle曾经说过“诗歌高于历史，因为她是永恒的。”它讲述的是在时间上永恒，在空间上放之四海而皆准的真理。它所表达的爱与恨、忠与奸、创造与毁灭、战争与和平等无不是人类自古以来关注的主题，人类对于爱与和平顽强的追求从来也没有改变过。诗歌除了在表现形式上有所变化外，歌颂的正是这种不变的感情。Whatispoetry?诗歌不仅是一种文学题材，它更是一种艺术形式。就像其他艺术形式一样，它与美息息相关。人可能对美有不同的理解，但诗人对美的追求是创作的动机。他们用独特的、发现美的能力，将生活中的悲欢离合、冲突与和谐、平淡与壮举艺术地展示给大家。诗歌也是诗和歌的组合，其中密切的关系使得诗歌必然具备了音乐的基本素质。诗与歌的联姻赋予它节奏、韵律等。HowtoAppreciateanEnglishPoem?STOPPINGBYWOODSONASNOWYEVENINGSTOPPINGBYWOODSONASNOWYEVENINGWhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow.Hishouseisinthevillagethough;HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.STOPPINGBYWOODSONASNOWYEVENINGHegiveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistake.Theonlyothersound’sthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake.Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep,ButIhavepromisestokeep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.--RobertFrost雪夜林畔小驻--余光中译想来我认识这座森林，林主的庄宅就在邻村,却不会见我在此驻马，看他林中积雪的美景。我的小马一定颇惊讶：四望不见有什么农家，偏是一年最暗的黄昏，寒林和冰湖之间停下。它摇一摇身上的串铃，问我这地方该不该停。此外只有轻风拂雪片，再也听不见其他声音。森林又暗又深真可羡，但我还要守一些诺言，还要赶多少路才安眠，还要赶多少路才安眠。THEROADNOTTAKENTworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,AndsorryIcouldnottravelbothAndbeonetraveler,longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowth;Thentooktheother,asjustasfair,Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;ThoughasforthatthepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame,THEROADNOTTAKENAndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblack.Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.IshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshence:Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI--Itooktheonelesstraveledby,Andthathasmadeallthedifference.--RobertFrost未选择的路（美）弗罗斯特黄色的树林里分出两条路，可惜我不能同时去涉足，我在那路口久久伫立，我向着一条路极目望去，直到它消失在丛林深处。但我却选了另外一条路，它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，显得更诱人、更美丽，虽然在这两条小路上，都很少留下旅人的足迹，虽然那天清晨落叶满地，两条路都未经脚印污染。呵，留下一条路等改日再见！但我知道路径延绵无尽头，恐怕我难以再回返。也许多少年后在某个地方，我将轻声叹息把往事回顾，一片树林里分出两条路，而我选了人迹更少的一条，从此决定了我一生的道路。ExercisesⅠ.VocabularyExplainthedefinitionsofthefollowingitalicwordsinthecontextoftheselectedpoems.LookthemupinanEnglishdictionaryifnecessary.1.WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow.anareaoflandcoveredwithathickgrowthoftrees2.Hewillnotseemestoppinghere/Towatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.becomefull3.Mylittlehorsemustthinkitqueer...notusualorexpectedExercises4.Hegiveshisharnessbellsashake/Toaskifthereissomemistake.asetofstrapsfixedtogetherandfittedtoananimalsuchasahorsesothatitcanbeattachedtoacartorcarriageforpulling5.Theonlyothersounds’sthesweep/Ofeasywindanddownyflake.sweep（拂去）:alongsmoothmovementdowny（羽绒般的；松软的）:softandfluffy6.Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep,/ButIhavepromisestokeep.assurancesthatsomethingwillbedoneornotdone;undertakingsExercises7.Tworoadsdivergedinayellowwood...separated8..../Towhereitbentintheundergrowth...shrubs,smalltrees,orothervegetationgrowingbeneaththetreesinaforest9..../Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim...basis10....Itwasgrassyandwantedwear;grassy:coveredwithgrasswear:walk,tread11..../Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack.p.p.oftread,steppedorwalkedtospreadsomethingunwantedfromthefeetorfootwear12.Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh...anaudibleexhalationofadeepbreathinrelieforwearinessExercisesⅡ.Comprehensionquestions1.Thespeakerinpoem1is(B).A.RobertFrost,thepoetB.animaginativetravelerwhoisheadingtohisdestinationC.impersonal（不具人格的东西）Ⅰ2.Readpoem1onceagainandwritedownthewordsthatdescribetime,placeandcondition.Time:thedarkesteveningoftheyearPlace:betweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeCondition:darkandsnowy3.Thespeakerinpoem1stoppedbythewoodsbecause(B).A.heistiredoftravelingB.heisattractedbytheviewC.hehaslosthiswayExercises4.Thinkoverandwritedownatleastthreeconnotations（内涵意义）theword“snow”oftenacquiresfromitscommonuse.Whatconnotationsdoes“snow”acquireinpoem1?commonconnotations:white,pure,cold,momentaryattractioninthepoem:theword“snow”hastheconnotationofweirdorsurrealattractionontheonehandanddeathorlossofvitalityontheother.5.Oneofthecommonovertonesof“snow”,“evening”,“wind”and“flake”inpoem1is(C).A.coldweatherB.badweatherC.deprivationoflife6.Thespeakerinpoem2is(A).A.atravelerwhowaswalkinginawoodB.RobertFrost,thepoetC.apersonwhohadadecisiontomake7.Frompoem2,wecouldseethatthespeaker(C).A.regrettedbeingunabletotraveltworoadssimultaneouslyB.believedthattheroadnottakenwasmucheasiertotravelC.believedthatadecisionmadeearlierinone’slifewouldinfluencehislaterlifeExercisesWordsDenotationsConnotationswoodasmallforestafinalrestingplacetravelersomeonewhoistravelingapersoninhislongjourneyoflife8.Writedownboththedenotationsandtheconnotationsof“wood”and“traveler”.Exercises9.Theword“wood”inthetwopoemsbyRobertFrostisof(C).A.thesameconnotationsB.differentconnotationsC.bothdifferentandsameconnotations10.Inpoem2,“tworoadsdiverged”inthefirststanzaandthatinthefourthstanzaexist(C).A.inthesametimeandspaceB.inthesametimespanbutdifferentspaceC.inthedifferenttimeandspaceExercisesⅢ.Topicsfordiscussion1.Whatkindofattitudesdoesthespeakerinpoem1havetowardst