literature review(如何写文献综述)

Criticalreading---WritingaLiteratureReviewWeek72016librarygenesis==.htmlOutline1.NecessityofwritingaLR2.ClassificationsofLR3.Majorcomponents4.Writingprocedures5.Writingprinciples6.DifficultiesandsolutionsHomework1.Whydoweneedreviewingliterature?Noresearchiscarriedoutinavacuum;Alinkbetweenthepastandthefuture;Naturallyleadtoyourproposedstudy.Lead-inreading《文献综述撰写的原则和方法》---张庆宗1.Whatisaliteraturereview?2.What’suseofwritingLR?Whatisaliteraturereview?Aliteraturereviewisanobjective,thoroughsummaryandcriticalanalysisoftherelevantavailableresearchandnon-researchliteratureonthetopicbeingstudied(Hart,1998).1.up-to-dateinformationonatopic;2.formthebasisforthejustificationforfutureresearchinthearea;3.gathersbasicinformationaboutaparticularsubjectfrommanysources;4.limitpersonalbiases(CarnwellandDaly,2001).CriteriaofagoodLR1.Goodstructuring2.Accurateuseofterminology3.Accuratereferencing(Colling,2003).Whattoreview?1.Tofindoutresearchbackgroundoftheresearcharea2.Toknowabouttheothers’contribution3.Todetectweakpointsinthecurrentresearch4.Toprovidetheframework,methodologicalassumptions,data-collectiontechniques,keyconceptsReviewfocuses1.Theprevailingandcurrenttheoriesunderlyingtheresearchproblems;2.Themaincontroversiesabouttheissueandabouttheproblem;3.Themajorfindingsinthearea;4.Thestudiesconsideredtobethebetterones,andthereason;5.Thetypesofresearchstudieswhichcanprovidethebasisforthecurrenttheoriesandcontroversies;6.Criticismoftheworkinthearea;7.Therationaleandpurposeoftheproposedstudy.2.ClassificationBackgroundHistoryTheory翻译图式研究综述体验式教学法研究综述Methodology翻译教学与研究的新框架——语料库翻译学综述Comprehensive英语写作中纠错性反馈的有效性与策略---文献综述ExamplesESP的性质、范畴和教学原则——兼谈在我国高校开展多种类型英语教学的可行性近三十年来我国高校英语专业教学回顾与展望秦秀白华南理工大学学报(社会科学版)外语教师教育研究综述刘学惠外语教学与研究3.MajorelementsinLR4.WritingprinciplesMajorprinciplestofollow:1.Reviewthesourcesthataremostrelevanttoyourthesis.2.Describeorwriteyourreviewasclearandobjectiveasyoucan.Tips1.Definekeytermsorconceptsclearlyandberelevanttoyourtopic.2.Discusstheleast-relatedreferencetoyourquestionfirstandthemostrelevantlast.3.Concludeyourreviewwithabriefsummary.4.Startwritingyourreviewearly.5.DifficultiesContentOrganizingShouldIlistallthedefinitionsofaterm?Commonproblem1.Adozenofdefinition2.Definitionforallthetermse.g.communicationstrategiesandL2speakingabilityCommunication;communicationstrategies;communicationcompetence?Variablestobemeasuredinyourstudyhavetobedefinedconceptually.ExampleRelationshipbetweenmotivationandL2achievementofnon-EnglishmajorsEducation?OfthechildrenandmiddleschoolstudentsinL1learning?OftheadultinL2learning?Solution:1.L2motivationinandoutsidetheChinesecontext2.AdultL2learningWhatshallIdoiftherearenoempiricalstudiestobecommented?UseofL1inL2writingNoempiricalstudies.Solution:UseofL1inL2reading?Speaking?1.Examinefromawiderperspectiveandsearchforthemostpertinentstudiestoevaluate.Difficultiesinorganizing1.nologiclinkamongsubheadingsfragmentarypatches,notcoherentFunnelapproach漏斗原则①fromthegeneraltothespecific②fromtheabstracttotheconcrete③formthetheoreticaltotheempirical④fromthe“longshots”tothe“close-ups”⑤fromothers’toyourstudyDifficultiesinorganizing2.Aseriesofempiricalstudiesneedtobedescribedorcommentedon.Howtopresentthem?commonwaystopresent:variablesresearchdesigns:cross-sectional;longitudinaltypesofsubjectsdesignsindata-collectionfindingstheoreticalassumptions(e.g.:L2proficiency)Frequently-occurringproblems1.NodirectrelevanceRelevancyisthefirstandparamountcriterionforjudgingthequalityofareview.“Howisitrelevanttomystudy?”2.NoproperheadingsandclearsignpostProperheadingshelpreadersanticipatethecontentandcapturetheflowofargument.Attention!Numberingandwording(parallelism)23语体(genre)意识:AcademicEnglishvs.ColloquialEnglish:我们对网络经济越来越有兴趣。neteconomy人们对网上购物作了很多研究。onlineshopping24我们对网络英语越来越有兴趣。1.We’remoreandmoreinterestedinnetEnglish.2.We’vemoreandmoreinterestsinnetEnglish.3.WeareincreasinglyinterestedinnetEnglish.4.TherearegrowinginterestsinnetEnglish.5.NetEnglishhasattractedincreasinginterests.6.IncreasinginterestshaveemergedinnetEnglish.7.GrowinginterestshavebeenfocusedonnetEnglish.8.IncreasinginterestshavebeendirectedtonetEnglish.25人们对网上购物作了很多研究。1.We’vedonealotofresearchaboutonlineshopping.2.There’salotofresearchaboutonlineshopping.3.Thereisconsiderableresearchinvestigatingonlineshopping.4.Muchresearchhasbeendonetoexploreonlineshopping.5.Considerableresearchhasbeenconductedregardingonlineshopping.26GroupSentences1a)Fromtheaboveanalysis,wecanseetheInternetplaysasignificantroleinourdailylife.b)TheaboveanalysisseemstoindicatethattheInternetplaysasignificantroleinourdailylife.2a)MoreandmorestudentsinChinathinkit’sveryimportantforthemtolearnEnglishwell.b)AnincreasingnumberofstudentsinChinamaintainthatitisofgreatsignificanceforthemtocommandtheEnglishlanguage.3a)TheInternethasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages,soweshouldknowhowtouseitproperly.b)TheInternethasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Therefore,itisofnecessityforustohavetheknowledgeofhowtou