高级英语课件 Love is a Fallacy

LoveIsaFallacyMaxShulmanUnit4TeachingPlanTeachingObjectives1.Tohaveabasicknowledgeofthetermsinlogic2.Tounderstandwhatloveisinanaffluentsociety3.Toappreciatethehumorousandsatiricalwritingstyle4.ToappreciatethelanguageTeachingFocusTherulesoflogic:tounderstandalltheeightfallaciesreferredinthetext.Theparticularwritingstyleoftheauthor.Thelight,humorous,yetimpressingwayofdepictingthings.Subjective,personal,sensible.TeachingFocusTheself-boastingtoneof“I”.Differentadjectivesappliedtodescribe“I”andmy“rival”PeteyBurch.Thepositive,neutralandnegativesensesofthesimilaradjectives.TeachingMethods1.Teacher-orientedteachingmethod2.Student-orientedteachingmethod3.TheelicitedmethodTeachingProcedureⅠ.IntroductoryRemarksⅡ.BackgroundInformationⅢ.LearningFocusⅣ.KeywordsandExpressionsⅤ.ExplanationoftheTextⅥ.DivisionoftheTextⅦ.TheWritingStyleⅧ.ThePersonalityofDobieⅨ.ExercisesIntroductoryRemarksⅠ.IntroductoryRemarksAboutthetitle“Thereisdeceptiveordelusivequalityaboutlove”.“Lovecannotbededucedfromasetofgivenpremises”.AbouttheauthorMaxSchulmananAmerican’sbest-knownhumoristsaproductivewriterofmanytalentsHisworksBarefootboywithCheekTheFeathermerchantRallyRoundtheFlag,BoysTheManyLovesofDobieGillisAboutthetextThetextisexcerptedfromTheManylovesofDobbieGillisbyMaxShulman.Itisapieceofnarrativewriting.Thenarratorofthestory,DobieGillis,aself-conceitedfreshmaninaschoolstrugglesagainstPeteyBurch,hisstupidroommatewhosegirlfriendheplanstostealandPollyEspy,thebeautifuldumbgirlheintendstomarryaftersuitablereeducation.DetailedStudyoftheTextⅡ.BackgroundInformationExplanationofthelogicalFallaciesAlogicalargumentgivesevidencetosupportsomeconclusion.twonecessaryparts:aconclusionthethesisarguesforcertainpremisesorfactsonwhichtobasetheconclusionTheconclusionistobeinferredfromthepremises.Anargumentisdeductivelyvalidwhenitspremisesprovideconclusiveevidencefortheconclusion.Anargumentthatfailstobeconclusivelydeducedisinvalidandfallacious.Anargumentmaybefallaciousinthreeways:fallaciousinitsmaterialcontentbecauseoftheuseofamisstatementofthefacts;fallaciousinitswordingbecauseofanincorrectuseofterm;fallaciousinitsformbecauseoftheuseofanimproperprocessofinference.Fallaciesaredividedintothreegroups:a)material---fallaciesofpresumptionb)verbal---fallaciesofambiguityc)formal---astructuralpatternofgenericallyincorrectreasoningThefallaciesmentionedinthetextarematerialfallacies:1.DictoSimpliciter绝对判断（FallacyofAccident）Anargumentbasedonanunqualifiedgeneralization.Theargumentappliesageneralruletoaparticularcaseinwhichsomespecialcircumstancesmakestheruleinapplicable.2.HastyGeneralization（仓促推断）Theconversefallacyofaccidentariseswhenaspecialcaseisimproperlyappliedasageneralrule.Forinstance,acertainfoodisdelicioustosomepeople,butthefactdoesnotimplythatitisdelicioustoallpeople.3.TheFallacyofIrrelevantConclusionItoccurswhentheconclusionchangesthepointthatisunderconsiderationinthepremises.Specialcasesofirrelevantconclusionareproducedbytheso-calledfallaciesofirrelevance,whichinclude:1)PostHocergopropterhoc牵强附会/假性因果ThefallacyofFalseCauseThefallacymislocatesthecauseofonephenomenoninanotherthatisonlyseeminglyrelated.2)ContradictoryPremises循环论证BeggingtheQuestionItcomesintobeingwhenthepremisesopenlyorcovertlypresumetheveryconclusiontobedemonstrated.3）AdMisericordiam文不对题（appealtopity)Inalawcourt,atriallawyerdoesn’targueforhisclient’sinnocence,buthetriestomovethejurytosympathyforhim,justasapplicantforajobdoesn’tanswerthequestionraisedbytheboss.Insteadhetriestoappealtothebosssympathybysayingsomethingaboutthepoorsituationofhisfamily.4)FalseAnalogy“Itdoenotfollow”ariseswhenthereisnotevenadeceptivelyplausibleappearanceofvalidreasoning,becausethegivenpremiseshavevirtuallynothingtodowiththeconclusiondrawnfromthem.5）HypothesisContrarytoFactThefallacyofmanyquestionsconsistsinaskingfororgivingasingleanswertoaquestionwhenthisanswercouldeitherbeseparateorrefusedcompletely.6)PoisoningtheWell（井中投毒）Speaking“againsttheman”ratherthantoissue,orthefallacyofPoisoningtheWellinthetextwherethepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonapersonholdingsomethesisratherthanoffergroundsshowingwhywhathesaysisfalse.Ⅲ.LearningFocusStructureoftheNarration1.Theprotagonist:DobieGillis---aselfconceitedfreshman2.Theantagonist:PeteyBurch---hisstupidroommatePollyEspy---thebeautifuldumbgirl3.Thetime:duringtheperiodofbeingstudents4.Theplace:onthecampusoftheuniversityofMinnesota5.Themaintheme:loveisaFallacy6.Theplot:FocusonaRaccoonCoatⅣ.KeywordsandExpressions1.unfetter:tofreefromfetters;tofreefromrestraintofanykind;liberate---freeandunfetteredtrade2.mumble:tospeakorsayindistinctlyandinalowvoice,mutter---Iwishyouwouldn’tmumble.---Ican’thearyouclearly.3.shed:castofforlosehair---Alltheleaveshaveshed.4.covet:wantardently;longforwithenvy---It’sasintocovet.5.veer:changedirection;shift;turnorswingaround---Thewindveeredroundtothewest.6.swivel:turnon---Heswiveledthecameraonthetripodtofollowtheriders.7.wax:togrowgraduallylarger;increaseinstrength,intensity,volume---Themoonwaxes.8.wince:toshrinkordrawba