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TheUKIrelandTheU.S.A.CanadaAustralia英语国家文化背景知识涉外教学部：许炎锋TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland1.thepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystem“thethreeR’s”(reading,’ritingand’rithmetic)I.BritishEducationthefamousboys’publicschool(私立中学)：Eton(伊顿公学，位于伦敦以西)andWinchester（温切斯特公学，位于英格兰南部）theuniversities:OxfordandCambridge(nicknamed:Oxbridge)(1).pre-primaryschooling(uptoage5)---nurseryschools(托儿所)，daycare(托儿所的日托)(2).primaryschooling(5-11,6years)---mainlystatesector,co-educational/mixedprimaryschools2.thepresenteducationsystem---comprehensiveschools(3).secondaryschooling(11--around19,7years)---grammarschools3）orconcentrateonvocationaltraining---GNVQs(GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications国家专业资格证书):thevocationalequivalentofA-levelsThenaftergraduation(5yearslater)theycan1）quitschool;2）orpreparetosituniversityentranceexams;(4)highereducation---onlyoneprivatelyfundeduniversity:theUniversityofBuckingham---oldestuniversities:Oxford(12thC.)andCambridge(13thC.)*thefirstdegree(theBachelor’sdegree)coursesaremainlyfulltimeandlast3years,exceptinScotlandwheretheytake4years英国学位可分为学士学位(BachelorDegree)、硕士学位(MasterDegree)和博士学位(DoctorofPhilosophy)。学士学位或称第一学位，攻读学士学位课程的学生，通常需要三年时间。*inOxfordandCambridgetheBAconvertstoanMAseveralyears(generally4years)later,uponpaymentofafeeTheuniversityofOxfordSchoolHolidaysThemainsummerholidayisfrommid-JulytoearlySeptember.Childrenalsohave2weeksholidayatChristmasandatEaster.Theschoolyearis39weekslongandisdividedintothreeterms:英国学年分为三学期制，学年由9～10月开始，至第二年6～7月结束。三学期的开学时间分别是9～10月、1月和4月。BoxingDayisaholidaycelebratedinBritain,Australia,NewZealand,andCanada.atypicalBritishtraditioncelebratedonthedayafterChristmas.ItfallsonDecember26th.II.BoxingDayRepublicofIreland•GreenrepresentstheCatholic(天主教)•OrangeforProtestant(新教)•Whiteisthesymbolofpeaceandfriendshipforthesetworeligioussects(宗派)I.NationalflagII.St.Patrick'sDay比喻基督教著名的“三位一体”理论，即]“父是神，子是神，圣灵是神，却非三神，乃是一神”。ShamrockIII.爱尔兰婚姻制度•第一，爱尔兰的结婚证因当事人申请期限的长短不同而不同。爱尔兰的结婚证期限从1年到100年期限不等，当事人可以根据自己的婚姻感情基础等协商自己的婚姻存在的期限是多长，到期后婚姻关系自动终止，如果想继续生活的，可以向登记机关申请办理延期登记手续。爱尔兰婚姻制度•第二、爱尔兰的婚姻登记机关收取的婚姻登记费用因当事人申请登记期限的长短不同而不同。登记费用是根据婚姻登记期限的长短而递减。登记结婚如果是1年的，登记的费用是最昂贵的，为2000英镑，相当于人民币26000元，如果登记结婚期限为100年的，登记费用仅仅需要50便士。爱尔兰婚姻制度•第三、结婚证书因为结婚期限的长短不同而不。如果是登记的1年，那么新人将得到厚如百科全书般的两大本结婚证，里面列举了所有关于夫妻之间的权利义务以及应当承担的各种责任条款，小到清洁修理，大到生育教育，内容详尽，真是一本夫妻相处关系的活字典。爱尔兰婚姻制度•但是如果是登记结婚期限为100年，而结婚证书是很薄的一张纸，上面仅仅写着法官的祝福语：我不知道我的左手对右手、左眼对右眼、左脑对右脑究竟应该承担起怎样的责任和义务？其实本来他们就是一个整体，只因为彼此的存在而存在，因为彼此的快乐而快乐。所以，让这张粉红色的小纸条送去我对你们百年婚姻的最美好的祝愿！祝你们幸福！TheUnitedStatesofAmericaOfficialname:TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,(U.S.A.)UncleSamI.NationalSymbolsNationalFlagStateEmblem•BaldEagleRoseII.AmericanLandscapeGrandCanyon科罗拉多河的大峡谷YellowstoneNationalPark黄石公园NiagaraFalls尼亚加拉瀑布GrandCanyon科罗拉多河的大峡谷TheGrandCanyonNationalParkisAmerica’smostfamousscenicwonder.Itisahugegorgeslowlycarvedawayfornearly6millionyearsbythewatersoftheColoradoRiver.Thecanyonissodeepthatthereare4distinctivezonesofclimatefromtoptobottom.LocatedinArizona,itattractsover4millionvisitorseachyear.TheParkwasestablishedin1908byPresidentTheodoreRoosevelt.YellowstoneNationalPark黄石公园TheYellowstoneNationalParkistheoldestandoneofthelargestnationalparksintheUS.Itisnamedaftertheriverthatflowsthroughthearea.Itisknownforitsgeysersandhotsprings.OneofthemostfamousofthegeysersistheOldFaithful.YellowstoneNationalParkNiagaraFalls尼亚加拉瀑布NiagaraFallsareagroupofawesomewaterfallsontheUS-Canadaborder.Thetorrentfallsoveraprecipiceforadistanceof55metersandmakesroaringsound.Therearetwosectionsoffalls:thelargersectionlocatedinCanadaiscalledtheHorseshoeFalls;thesmallersectionintheUSiscalledtheAmericanfalls.NiagaraFallsIII.GraduateandProfessionalEducation研究生（GraduateSchool）招收已取得学士或学士以上学位的学生，开设的是深入课程。课程长短不一，一般地说，已经取得学士学位的学生，要学习一年至二年，才能取得文理硕士学位（MasterofArts,MasterofScience，即M.A.或M.S.）；已取得硕士学位的学生，要学习二至五年，才能取得博士学位（多数叫DoctorofPhilosophy，即Ph.D.）。•专业学院（ProfessionalSchool）招收已经取得相关专业的学士学位毕业生。这种专业学院，是指某几种特点的专业，如医科、药剂、牙医、法律和工商管理等。专业学院收费较高，竞争非常激烈。IfyoureceiveawritteninvitationwiththenotationR.S.V.P.onit,itmeansthatyoushouldcontactthehostbyphonetolethimorherknowwhetherornotyoucanattend.Forformalevents,suchasweddingsoranofficialreception,youmayreceiveacardthatyoucansendtothehostwithyourreply.R.S.V.P.abbr.（法）敬请回复（repondezs'ilvousplait）IV.AboutInvitation“Regretsonly”:如未能应邀敬请回复（请柬用语）IftheinvitationsaysRegretsonly,itmeansyoucontactthehostonlyifyoucannotattend.Otherwise,itisassumedthatyouwillbepresent.GoingDutchItmeansthateachpersonpayshisorherownbill.Thehostorhostesswillinviteagroupofpeopletohisorherhome,withtheexpectationthateveryonewillbringsomethingtocontributetothemeal.Yourhostessmayaskyoutobringaspecificcourse:asaladoradessertitem,oradishfromyourhome.“Potluckdinner”:•LeftoversInAmericanrestaurants,ifyoucan'tfinishyourmeal,youcanputtheremainsinadoggybagandtakethemhome.Thisisquitetrue.Ifyouleavesomemeat,inparticular,yourwaitermayaskyouifyou'dlikehimtoputitintoalittlebag,oryoucanaskhimtodothis.V.ThePoliticalSystemintheUnitedStates1.ArticlesofConfederation2.Constitution1)Whatisafederalsystem?Afederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetweena