英语国家概况British_economy1

TheEconomyofUKThecontentsBriefIntroductionoftheEconomyofUKAbsoluteDeclineandRelativeDeclineTheCurrentUKEconomyCaseStudy:TheaerospaceindustryBriefIntroductionoftheEconomyofUKthe5thlargestintheworldintermsofmarketexchangeratesthe6thlargestbypurchasingpowerparity(购买力平价法)the2ndlargesteconomyinEuropeafterGermanyitsGDPpercapitain2007wasthe22ndhighestintheworld.itisalsoamemberoftheG8,theOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment,andtheEuropeanUnion.TheUnitedKingdomisamemberofGroupofEightEuropeanUnionCommonwealthofNationsGroupofEight八国集团TheUnitedStates,Canada,France,Japan,theUnitedKingdom,Italy,RussiaandGermanySummitofG8八国集团峰会ThehallmarkoftheG8isanannualeconomicandpoliticalsummitmeetingoftheheadsofgovernmentwithinternationalofficials.In1951,theEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunitywasfounded.EuropeanUnion欧盟In1957,theTreatyofRomeestablishedEuropeanEconomicCommunity.In1992,thetreatyontheEuropeanUnionwassigned.ExpansionoftheEUIn1951,therewere6foundingmembers.Atpresent,theEUhas27memberstates.TheU.K.joinedtheEUin1973.Memberstateswouldcooperatemorecloselyoneconomicpolicies,removecustomsduties,andallowpeopletotravelfreelyfromonecountrytoanother.CommonwealthofNations英联邦Itisanassociationof53independentstates,almostallofwhichareformercoloniesoftheBritishEmpire.TheCommonwealthGamesCommonwealthDayThesecondMondayinMarchiscelebratedastheCommonwealthDay.ABriefHistoryofBritishEconomyInthe18thcentury,itwasthefirstcountrytostarttheIndustrialrevolution.Inthe19thcentury,itwasknownas“thefactoryoftheworld”.Inthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury,itgaveupitseconomichegemony.Inthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,itsufferedadeeplossofitspositionofindustrialleadership.ABriefHistoryofBritishEconomyAbsoluteDeclineandRelativeDecline1.Britisheconomypositionintheglobefromthe1880sto1900(VictorianAge)-----thedominantpositiona.1/3oftheworld’smanufacturedgoods.b.producedhalfitscoalandiron;halfitscottonc.shippingamountgreaterthanthatoftherestoftheworldputtogethercontinues2.From1900to1945(thePre-warera)onlysecondtotheU.S.intheinternationaleconomy,thisindicatedsomesortofdeclinea.havingbeenovertakenbytheU.S.andGermanyb.remainsoneoftheGroupof7largeindustrialeconomiesc.steadyeconomicgrowthandrapidlyincreasinglivingstandardscontinues3.Duringthe2ndworldwarandpost-warera,theUKhadexperiencedaneconomicdeclinesince1945.a.hasdroppedfrombeingthe2ndlargesteconomytobeingthe6th.b.Itisarelativedeclineratherthananabsoluteone.Britainismorewealthierandmoreproductivethanitwasin1945,butothercountriesdevelopedmorerapidly.GDPin2006RankCountryGDP($trillion)1U.S.A12.4552Japan4.5053Germany2.7814China2.2295U.K.2.1926France2.1107Italy1.7238Spain1.1239Canada1.11510Brazil0.794GDPpercapitain2006RankCountryGDPpercapita1Luxemburg$69,0562Norway$53,4653Switzerland$49,2464Ireland$46,3355Denmark$45,0156Iceland$44,1337U.S.A.$42,0768Sweden$38,4519U.K.$36,97710Japan$36,486continues4.Thereasonsforrelativedecline:a.Britainhadgoneheavilyintodebtinordertofinancethe2ndWorldWarb.Britishcoloniesgainedindependencec.Britainwasheavilyburdenedwiththehugemilitaryexpenditured.Britainalsolackedtheinvestmentinmodernequipmentandnewproducts.Activity—DiscussionBritisheconomyhasundergoneaconsiderabledeclineeversincetheendofthe19thcenturyandearlythe20thcenturyduetothegreatlossBritainsufferedinthetwoWorldWars,thecollapseoftheBritishEmpire,veryhighmilitaryexpenditureanditsinsufficiencyinindustrialinvestment.However,isitanabsolutedecline?continues5.Theprivatizationinthe1980s:a.TheBritisheconomywentthroughaparticularlybadperiodinthe1970s,withhighratesofinflationanddevaluationofthecurrency.b.Therefore,inthe1980s,whentheConservativepartyunderMargaretThatcherwasinpower,andextensiveprogramofprivatizationwascarriedout.MargaretThatcher玛格丽特·撒切尔1979-90ConservativeMargaretHildaThatcher,BaronessThatcher(born13October1925)wasPrimeMinisterofUnitedKingdomfrom1979to1990andLeaderoftheConservativePartyfrom1975to1990.Sheistheonlywomantohaveheldeitherpost.Thatcherism:isthenamegiventothelaissez-fairepolicyofMargaretThatcher(1925-),Britishprimeministerfrom1979to1990.amongThatcher'spolicieswere:reductionsintax;manipulationofthemoneysupplytoreduceinflation;privatizationofpublicindustry;reductionoftradeunionpower;reductionofgovernment'sroleintheeconomy;encouragementofpeopletosave,workandbuyproperty.ResultsPositive:RecoveryNegative:RapidincreaseinunemploymentTonyBlair托布·莱尔尼(1997.5.2-2007.6.27)The“thirdway”LaborpartyNationalizationoftheeconomyConservativepartyIndividualismPrivatizationAchievementsLimitinggovernmentspendingKeepinginflationundercontrolReducingunemploymentTheCurrentUKEconomyBriefintroductionofthecurrentUKeconomyThemainsectorsoftheUKeconomyAgricultureEnergyproductionTheoffshoreoilindustriesThemanufacturingindustryThecityofLondonBriefintroductionofthecurrentUKeconomy▲(1990---1992)-----recession---theeconomyshrunkby2.3%▲(1992---1996)-----steadygrowth▲in1996-----greatlyaffectedbythebanonbeefexportsresultedfromBSEDiseaseinCattleindustry.英国内生产总值增长率GDP英国内生产总值增长率消费价格指数consumptionpriceindex失业率ThemainsectorsoftheUK