新核心综合学术英语教程第一册 Unit 2

《综合学术英语教程1》上海交通大学出版社Unit2UrbanizationLearningobjectivesInthisunit,studentsareexpectedto:1.acquirebackgroundinformationrelatedtoglobalwarming.2.skimformainideasandscanforspecificdetails.3.processandintegrateinformationfromdifferentsources.4.paraphrasemid-longandcomplexsentences.5.communicateideasonthetopicviawritingandspeaking.6.conductanindividualorgroupproject.PartISuggestedprojectsPartIIText-relatedinformationPartIIIReading&ListeningPartIVAdditionalactivitiesPartVExercisesPartIPartISuggestedprojectsBrainstorm,narrowdownthetopic,thenchooseafocus;Searchforinformation(articles,report,pictures,videos,etc.)fromEnglishsources;Processtheinformation,andchooseexamplesanddetailstosupporttheaspectsthataretobepresented;Writeareportwiththeinformationselected,andmakeamultimediapresentationofthereportinclass;DesignquizzesorQ&Asectionforthepresentation.Recommendedstepstodotheprojectare:PartISuggestedprojectsvariouscausesofurbanizationtheurbanizationinthelastdecadesinChinatheurbanizationinthelastdecadesaroundtheworldurbanizationandeconomiceffectsurbanizationandtheenvironmentaleffectsurbanizationandpeople’slifesolutionstomeetthechallengeofurbanizationKeytopicareasare:PartIITextrelatedinformationBackgroundinformation1.modernization现代化（进程）Unit2》PartII》Text-relatedinformationAmodelofaprogressivetransitionfroma'pre-modern'or'traditional'toa'modern'society.Thetheorylooksattheinternalfactorsofacountrywhileassumingthat,withassistance,traditionalcountriescanbebroughttodevelopmentinthesamemannermoredevelopedcountrieshave.Modernizationtheoryattemptstoidentifythesocialvariablesthatcontributetosocialprogressanddevelopmentofsocieties,andseekstoexplaintheprocessofsocialevolution.Modernizationtheoryissubjecttocriticismoriginatingamongsocialistandfree-marketideologies,world-2.2.Industrialization工业化（进程）Unit2》PartII》Text-relatedinformationIndustrialisation(orindustrialization)istheperiodofsocialandeconomicchangethattransformsahumangroupfromanagrariansocietyintoanindustrialone.Itisapartofawidermodernisationprocess,wheresocialchangeandeconomicdevelopmentarecloselyrelatedwithtechnologicalinnovation,particularlywiththedevelopmentoflarge-scaleenergyandmetallurgyproduction.Itistheextensiveorganisationofaneconomyforthepurposeofmanufacturing.Industrialisationalsointroducesaformofphilosophicalchangewherepeopleobtainadifferentattitudetowardstheirperceptionofnature,andasociologicalprocessofubiquitousrationalisation.3.Dhaka达卡（印度城市）Unit2》PartII》Text-relatedinformationDhakaisthecapitalofBangladesh.LocatedontheBurigangaRiverintheheartoftheBengaldelta,Dhakahasanestimatedpopulationofmorethan15millionpeople,makingitthelargestcityinBangladeshandthe8thlargestcityintheworld.DhakaisoneofthemajorcitiesofSouthAsia.ItisknownastheCityofMosques,andwith400,000cycle-rickshawsrunningonitsstreetseveryday,thecityisdescribedastheRickshawCapitaloftheWorld.Dhakaisalsooneoftheworld'smostdenselypopulatedcities.4.Karachi卡拉奇（巴基斯坦首都）Unit2》PartII》Text-relatedinformationKarachiisthelargestandmostpopulousmetropolitancityofPakistananditsmainseaportandfinancialcentre,aswellasthecapitalofSindhprovince.Thecityhasanestimatedpopulationofover23.5millionpeopleasof2013,andanareaofapproximately3,527km2(1,362sqmi),resultinginadensityofmorethan6,000peoplepersquarekilometre(15,500persquaremile).Karachiisthe3rd-largestcityintheworldbypopulationwithincitylimitsthe7thlargesturbanagglomerationintheworldandthelargestcityintheMuslimworld.ItisPakistan'scentreofbanking,5.Jakarta雅加达（印尼首都）Unit2》PartII》Text-relatedinformationJakarta,officiallyknownastheSpecialCapitalRegionofJakarta,isthecapitalandlargestcityofIndonesia,andoneofthemostpopulousurbanagglomerationsintheworld.LocatedonthenorthwestcoastofJava,Jakartaisthecountry'seconomic,culturalandpoliticalcentre,andwithapopulationof9,761,407asofDecember2012,itisthemostpopulouscityinIndonesiaandinSoutheastAsia.Theofficialmetropolitanarea,knownasJabodetabek(anameformedbycombiningtheinitialsyllablesofJakarta,Bogor,Depok,Tangerangand6.Mumbai孟买（印度城市）Unit2》PartII》Text-relatedinformationMumbaiisthecapitalcityoftheIndianstateofMaharashtra.ItisthemostpopulouscityinIndia,secondmostpopulousmetropolitanareainIndia,andthefifthmostpopulouscityintheworld,withanestimatedcitypopulationof18.4millionandmetropolitanareapopulationof20.7millionasof2011.Alongwiththeurbanareas,includingthecitiesofNaviMumbai,Thane,Bhiwandi,Kalyan,itisoneofthemostpopulousurbanregionsintheworld.MumbailiesonthewestcoastofIndiaandhasadeepnaturalharbour.In2009,Mumbaiwasnamedanalphaworldcity.Itis7.Delhi德里(印度首都)Unit2》PartII》Text-relatedinformationAlsoknownastheNationalCapitalTerritoryofIndiaisametropolitanregioninIndia.Withapopulationofnearly22.2millionresidentsasof2011,itisthesecondmostpopulousurbanagglomerationintheworld,aswellasthelargestcityinIndiabylandarea.TheNCTanditsurbanregionhavebeengiventhespecialstatusofNationalCapitalRegion(NCR)undertheConstitutionofIndia's69thamendmentactof1991.TheNCRincludestheneighbouringcitiesofGurgaon,Noida,Ghaziabad,Faridabad,GreaterNoida,Sonepat,Panipat,Karna