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四级听力与读理解李学宁提纲教学研究····本文测试一、教学中的困惑1、教材与四级的关联2、试题的选择与讲评1）选择：全真与模拟2）讲评：？难以说服•M:Canyoutellmethetitleofoilpainting?•W:Sorry,Idon’tknowforsure.ButIguessit’sanearly18th-centurywork.Letmelookitupinthecatalog.•Q:Wheredoestheirconversationmostprobablytakeplace?•A)AtabookstoreB)Inaworkshop•C)AtanartgalleryD)Inadepartment不知所措•Heroesarecatalystsforchanges.Theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintop.Theyhavetheskillandthecharmtomovethemasses.Theycreatenewpossibilities.WithoutGandhi,IndiamightstillbepartoftheBritishEmpire.WithoutRosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr.,wemightstillhavesegregatedbuses,restaurants,andparks.Itmaybepossibleforlargescalechangetooccurwithoutmagneticpersonalities,butthepaceofchangewouldbeslow,thevisionuncertain,andthecommitteemeetingendless.•Q:GandhiandMartinLutherKingaretypicalexamplesofoutstandingleaderswho_.•A)aregoodatdemonstratingtheircharmingcharacters.•B)canmovethemasseswiththeirforcefulspeeches.•C)arecapableofmeetingallchallengesandhardships.•D)canprovideananswertotheproblemsoftheirpeople二、研究路线1、应试技巧2、语言学：关联理论语用学：合作原则Top－DownSchemata认知语言学···3、本文：结构主义语义学/逻辑语义学（听力、阅读）W（语法、写作）三、蕴涵式P→Q1、P，Q，→，┐,∧2、同义关系：P→Q；Q→P反义关系：P→┐Q；┐Q→P上下义关系：P→Q；Q→P（？）3、原命题：P→Q反命题：Q→P否命题：┐P→┐Q逆否命题：┐Q→┐P四、上下义关系book(store)art(gallery)painting•Q1(=skill)•P1(=forcefulspeeches)•Q2(=charm)•P2•(=charmingcharacters)•Q1(=problems)••P1P1`•(=bepartoftheBritishEmpire)(=segregatedbuses,restaurants,andparks)•Q2(=theirpeople)••P2(=India-Indian)P2`(=we)•…istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.•Q:AnewlawmaybepassedbytheBritishParliamentto____.•A)prohibitfarmersfromhuntingfoxes.•B)forbidhuntingfoxeswithdogs.•C)stophuntingwildanimalsinthecountryside.•D)preventlarge-scalefoxhunting五、反义关系Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids…•Q:Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.•extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren’sintelligence•mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff•effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful•mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren•“Somesleepfivehours,naturerequiresseven,lazinessnineandwickednesseleven.”•Q:ItiscommonlyacceptedinAmericansocietythattoomuchsleepis____.•A)UnreasonableB)Criminal•C)HarmfulD)Costly•naturerequiresseven•PQ••┐Q┐P•toomuchsleepunreasonable六、同义词M:Youwereseenhangingaboutthestoreonthenightwhenitwasrobbed,weren’tyou?W:Me?Youmusthavemadeamistake.Iwasathomethatnight.•Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?•A)Amysterystory.•B)Thehiringofashopassistant.•C)Thesearchforaliablewitness.•D)Anunsolvedcaseofrobbery.“ThebusinessofAmericanisbusiness”.BythishemeantthattheU.S.Wayoflifeisbasedonthevaluesofthebusinessworld.Q:TheUnitedStatesisatypicalcountry_.A)Whichencouragesfreetradeathomeandaboard.B)Wherepeople’schiefconcernishowtomakemoney.C)Whereallbusinessaremanagedscientifically.D)Whichnormallyworksaccordingtothefederalbudget七、反馈1、教学1）语言知识与百科知识2）语音、词汇与语法：词汇主义（Lexicalism）2、科研1）无理论2）乱用理论3）活用理论3、项目