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动词时态初中阶段8种时态：1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.一般将来时4.现在进行时5.过去进行时6.现在完成时7.过去完成时8.过去将来时(1)一般现在时:1.表示经常反复发生的动作.e.g.Theyoftenspendtheirholidaysinthesouth.常搭配的时间状语:alwaysoftenusuallysometimesseldomneverfromtimetotimenowandthen(偶尔)everydayevery….onceaweek2.表示状态:e.g.Heisbusyatthemoment.3.表示客观真理,谚语,格言.e.g.Thesunsetsinthewest.4.用与时间或条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时:e.g.Iwillbehappyifyouallcome.Wewillgowhenhecomes.(2)现在进行时1.表示说话时正在进行的动作.e.g.Heiswalkingtowardstheplane.2.表示目前一阶段正在进行(但说话时不一定在进行)的动作:e.g.Wearewritingapaperthesedays.一般现在时与现在进行时的区别1.进行时强调动作正在进行,而现在时强调动作的经常和反复,或特征,这类动作没有时间性的.2.某些表示感官知觉的动词如:see,hear,smell,taste等表示感觉,用一般时,不用进行时.e.g.Doyouseeaplaneinthesky?注意:1)feel可以用一般时和进行时表示说话时的感觉:e.g.Iamnotfeelingwelltoday.Howareyoufeelingtoday?Ifeeltired.2)see,hear有相应表示动作的动词lookat/listento,这些词可以用进行时比较:Doyouseeamaponthewall?Heislookingatamaponthewall.Ihearastrangenoisefromthecarengine.Heislisteningtothemusic.3.有些表示状态或心理感觉的动词一般不用现在进行时,而用一般现在时表示状态或感觉,如love,like,hate,want,need,wish,know(知道),understand(懂得),remember(记得),believe,guess(认为),mean(意味着),think(认为),feel(认为),fit(合适),find(认为),show(表明),have(有)e.g.Ihopeyouwillenjoyyourmeal.Iwanttovisitthemtomorrow.4.当有些感觉动词词义转变,成为表示动作的动词时,可以用进行时:e.g.NowIseetheliquidintheglasshasturnedred.Heisseeinghisfriendoffattheairport.Ithinktheywillcome.Weareallthinkinghard.Thereportshowstheproblemisserious.Heisshowingthemaroundourschool.Exercise:1.Water______(freeze)atthetemperature0.2.Theair_____(keep)movingallthetime.3.Thetown_____(lie)tothewestofthehill.4.I_______(believe)you________tellthetruthnow.5.--____myson__________(work)hardthisterm?--Oh,yes,he_________(try)hisbestnow.6.______thehat_______(fit)mewell?7.–Whathashappenedtothefish,Mary?--Mum,thecat______(eat)thefish.Justnowthecat_____(jump)ontothetableand_____(eat)itup.8.Sam____(live)inthesmalltownforfiveyearsduringthewar.9.ItisagessinceIlast____(see)you.You___(grow)taller.10.Hewon’ttelluswherehe______(get)thebook.freezeskeepsliesbelievearetellingIsworkingistryingDoesfithaseatenjumpedatelivedsawhavegrowngot(3)一般过去时1.表示过去某一具体时间发生过的动作.e.g.Ireviewedmylessonslastnight.注意:1)有时句中虽然没有表示确定过去时间的状语,但根据上下文情景可以推断出是过去发生过的动作,此时也应用一般过去时e.g.Iwassorrytolearnofyourillness.Ididn’tknowhewasyourfather.2)描述已故之人的动作或状态用一般过去时.e.g.Edisoninventedtheelectriclight.2.表示过去经常反复发生的动作.e.g.Peteroftenplayedbasketballwhenhewasincollege.3.表示主语过去的状态或特征.e.g.Itwasrainylastweek.Hewasataxidriveryearsago.4.在时间,条件状语从句中代替过去将来时.e.g.Hewouldgiveherthebookifhesawher.(4)过去进行时1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.e.g.Hewasdoingshoppingthistimeyesterday.Wewerehavingadiscussionatthattime.2.表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作.(4)过去进行时1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.e.g.Hewasdoingshoppingthistimeyesterday.Wewerehavingadiscussionatthattime.2.表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作.e.g.Peterwasplayingchessthewholeafternoonyesterday.Wewerehavingameetingfromninetoelevenyesterday.3.用与when,while,as引导的表示过去的从句:(注意,这样的动词必须可以持续)e.g.WhileIwaswatchingTV,thetelephonerang.Aswewereleaving,someofourfriendsarrived.Whenwewereplayingintheplayground,itbegantorain.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:过去进行时强调过去某时刻或阶段动作的进行,不表明动作的完成,而一般过去时表示过去某动作已发生,表明动作已完成.e.g.Hewaswritingacompositionlastnight.(作文不一定完成)Hewroteacompositionlastnight.(作文肯定写完了)(5)现在完成时I.构成：have/has+动词的过去分词II.用法：1.表示说话前某一个时刻发生的动作之结果对现在的影响。e.g.Ihavealreadysenthimacard.Theyhaveboughtanewhouse.常用的时间状语：already,just,yet2.表示从过去某一时间持续到说话时为止的动作或状态，常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”的时间状语连用。e.g.WehavelearnedEnglishforaboutthreeyears.Hehasbeenheresincelastterm.III.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1)完成时强调过去发生的动作的结果和影响；而一般过去时强调动作发生的时间，地点，方式等，与现在没有联系。e.g.Ihavejusthadbreakfast.Ihadbreakfastamomentago.(时间）Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Ifinishedmyhomeathome.（地点）2）现在完成时表示的持续状态强调持续到说话时为止，与现在有联系，而一般过去时表示的持续状态强调过去某段时间的经历，与现在没有联系。e.g.TheGreenshavestayedinChinaforayear.TheGreensstayedinChinaforayearduringthewar.Ihavelearnedcomputerforsometime.Ilearnedcomputerforsometimewhileinmiddleschool.IV.不可持续动词与可持续动词1）常见的词：leavedieputonfailillbeawaybedeadwearbeillborrowcatchacoldbuyjointhearmykeephaveacoldhavebeinthearmy2)不可持续动词不能与“for+时间段”或since+时间点”连用，应改用持续性动词。Ihaveboughtacalculator.Ihaveboughtthecalculatorforaweek.Ihavehadthecalculatorforaweek.e.g.Hehashadthewatchforamonth.Heboughtthewatchamonthago.Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyforayear.Mybrotherjoinedthearmyoneyearago.但是：不可持续动词的否定结构可以与”for+时间段”或since+时间点”连用。e.g.Ihaven’tmetmyteacherofEnglishforayear.Wehaven’tmeteachothersinceheleft.3)till/until用法可持续动词+till/until:“某动作一直持续到…”not+不可持续动词+till/until:“直到…才…”e.g.Iwillstayuntilhecomes.Iwon’tleaveuntilhecomes.V.现在完成时特例：Itis+时间段+since…e.g.Itistwodayssinceheleft.Itissixweekssincetheycamehere.Itisaboutayearsincetheyjoinedthearmy.(6)过去完成时I.构成：had+动词的过去分词II.表示过去的过去III.常用与：1）搭配时间状语：by/bytheendof+过去的时间点before+过去的时间点e.g.…bytheendoflastterm…byfiveo’clock(过去)…beforehemovedhere2）主句是过去时的从句e.g.Hesaidthathehadbeenaworkerforfiveyears.3)根据上下文情景来体现：ImetMaryinthestreetonemorning.Shehadchangedgreatly.ImetPeteryesterday.Wehadn’tseeneachotherforfiveyears.