上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习专题二动词和动词短语上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习◆动词的辨析动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词,是高考考查的重点,无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中,动词辨析的比重都很大,并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主要指:上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习1.词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如:lie,lay;rise,raise;sit,seat等。2.意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如:borrow,lend;speak,say,talk;hope,wish等。3.动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如:advise,advice;cost,worth;pass,past等。4.意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如:explain,say;discover,invent;uncover,find等。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如:ask,give,call,make,get,keep,want,see,hear等。6.某些常用动词短语的辨析。如:givein,giveup;turnon,turnoff,turndown,turnup等。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【即时训练1】选词填空A.remind,negotiate,fail,limit,order1.Williamfounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.2.Ifyoudon'tlikethedrinkyouorderedjustleaveitandtryadifferentone.3.Mary,IremindedJohnofhispromisetohelpyou.4.Knowledgeandlearningareimportantifwewanttobesuccessful,buttheymayalsolimitourthinking.5.Thegovernmentrefusestonegotiatewithterrorists.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习B.open,accumulate,reserve,earn,deny6.Clinicalevidencebegantoaccumulate,suggestingthatthenewdrugshadawiderrangeofusefulactivitiesthanhadbeenpredictedfromexperimentsinanimals.7.—Areyoustillmadather?—Notreally,butIcan'tdenythatherremarkshurtme.8.I'dprefertoreservemyjudgmentuntilIfindalltheevidence.9.Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.10.IopenedabankaccountafterImade$1,000bydoingaparttimejobduringthesummervacation.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习◆动词短语的考查要点动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点:1.根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律。(1)动词+副词(不及物)Tomturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)动词+副词(及物)Pleaseturneverylightinthehouseoff.注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开。Sheturnedoffallthelightswhichhadbeenlefton.②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。Shegavethemaway.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(3)动词+介词(及物)Youshouldlearntocareaboutothers.注意:当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。(4)动词+副词+介词Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.注意:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。Inthiswaybothgrainandvegetablescanbewelllookedafter.(不能漏掉after)上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。①hearfrom收到……的来信hearof听说②lookafter照料lookat看lookfor寻找(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。①ringback回电话ringoff挂断电话ringup打电话②putaway放好;收起puton穿上;上演putup挂起;举起上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差异。lookfor寻找askfor请求waitfor等候sendfor派人去叫上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。①breakout发生;爆发carryout进行;开展goout熄灭handout分发letout放出lookout当心sellout卖完setout出发takeout取出workout算出②breakdown坏了comedown落下来getdown下车takedown取下writedown写下上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【即时训练2】选词填空A.speedup,workout,putupwith,bringdown1.Icanputupwiththehousebeinguntidy,butIhateitifit'snotclean.2.Weaimtobringdownthecostofdailylife.3.Theyarebroadeningthebridgetospeeduptheflowoftraffic.4.Youcan'tpredicteverything.Oftenthingsdon'tworkoutasyouexpect.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习B.careabout,bringup,turndown,putup5.—Youlookupset.What'sthematter?—Ihadmyproposalturneddownagain.6.Ifyoucareaboutfaultsbutyoustillwantthebicycle,asktheshopassistanttoreducetheprice.7.Hedecidedthathewoulddriveallthewayhomeinsteadofputtingupatahotelforthenight.8.Bornintoafamilywiththreebrothers,Davidwasbroughtuptovaluethesenseofsharing.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习C.takeon,goover,comeacross,lookup9.Togetabettergrade,youshouldgooverthenotesagainbeforethetest.10.IoftenlookupthewordsIdon'tknowinthedictionaryorontheInternet.11.Shecameacrossanoldfriendofhersyesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.12.Someinsectstakeonthecoloroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习◆易错易混点1.lay(放),lie(躺)与lie(说谎),这三个易混动词构成见下表:原形过去式过去分词lay放,搁;下蛋;产卵laidlaidlie躺;位于laylainlie说谎liedlied上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2.rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。3.hang的用法:hang有两个意思:一为“悬挂”,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为“绞刑”,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。4.sit与seat:seat为及物动词时作“容纳”讲,sit只是表示一个动作;seat表示“就座”时要用beseated或用seatoneself。如:Theywereseatedattheirdesks.或Iseatedmyselfinthearmchair.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习5.win与beat:win作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接agame,anargument,abattle,aprize,acontest,arace,abet等,但不能接人,如果接人则有另外的含义。如:Ihavewonhim.即“我已说服他了,我赢得了他的好感。”而beat是及物动词,意为“击败、胜过”,直接接人、物。6.lost,gone与missing:作补足语或表语时意为“丢失、不见了”,可以用lost,gone,但不能用missed,而要用missing。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习◆语法与写作根据提示翻译下面的句子1.(2013·山东高考·写作)必须指出我愿意在这个假期里去旅游。(pointout)ItmustbepointedoutthatIwouldlovetogotravellingduringthisholiday.2.(2013·四川高考·书面表达)踢足球和看电视占据了我很多的业余时间。(takeup)PlayingfootballandwatchingTVtakeupmuchofmysparetime.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3.(2013·浙江高考·书面表达)我必须使自己适应美国的生活方式,帮助他们了解中国文化的最优秀部分。(adaptto)【导学号:36742157】IhadtoadaptmyselftotheirAmericanlifestyleandhelpthemunderstandthebestpartofChineseculture.4.(2013·天津高考·书面表达)前面将会有很多挑战,但我有信心我会挑起这个担子。(takeon)Therewillbemanychallengesahead,butIhaveconfidencethatI'lltakeontheburden.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习5.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ·书面表达)在中国,这些中国结(Chineseknot)代表友谊、爱和好运。(standfor)InChina,theseChineseknotsstandforfriendship,loveandgoodluck.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习◆感悟高考1.(2016·江苏高考)Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.A.gainadmissiontoB.keeptrackofC.takeadvantageofD.giveriseto【解析】考查语境选词。句意:父母应该积极地督促孩子利用(takeadvantageof)加入体育队的机会。C项takeadvantageof意为“利用”,符合语境。gainadmissionto进入;keeptrackof记录,与……保持联系;giveriseto使发生。【答案】C上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2.(2016·江苏高考)H