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1.takeplace物;事做主语无进行,无被动1)发生Wasthereanybodypassingbywhentheaccidenttookplace?2）举行Thesingerwasill.Theperformancedidn’ttakeplaceafterall.与place相关短语：inone’splaceinplacetakeone’splacetaketheplaceof….处于某人的位置,为某人设身处地想一想在合适的位置,就位取代,就位取代，代替辨析:takeplace,happen,occur,breakout1)takeplace指事先计划或预想到的事情的发生。我们学校的运动会将于下周五举行。OurschoolsportsmeetingisgoingtotakeplacenextFriday.2)happen偶然或未能预见的发生,可以和to连用或接that引导的从句。他碰巧没有读过那部小说。Hehappenednottohavereadthenovel.Ithappenedthathehadreadthenovel.3)occur既可指某事偶然发生,也指某事按计划发生,可与happen互换。也有“突然想起”之意，常与to连用许多事故是发生在家里的。常用于；sthoccurstosb/itoccurstosbthat…..Manyaccidentsoccurinthehouse.Agoodideaoccurredtohim.4)breakout仅用于负面场合,常用于灾难,战争,疾病之类事情的突然爆发。发生了大火/战争爆发了。Afire/warbrokeout.takeplace指经过安排的事情happen偶然发生，碰巧发生breakout灾难、疾病、战争等突然爆发TheWorldWar________in1914.Thefootballmatchwill_________tomorrow.Aterribletrafficaccident________lastnight.brokeouttakeplacehappenedtakeplace,happen,breakout的比较2.beautybeautifulbeautifyv美化3.harvestn/v收获，收割agoodharvest丰收harvester收割机/人Thefarmerhiredextraworkersfortheharvest.Wewillharvestthefruitinautumn.4.celebratev庆祝Weheldapartytocelebrateoursuccess.celebrationn.congratulatev祝贺congratulatesb.on(doing)sth.I~himonpassingtheexam.congratulation（常加s）5.starvev.1)挨饿;饿死Millionsofpeoplestarvedtodeathduringthewar.2)(使某人)得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物;缺乏Thehomelesschildrenwerestarvedforlove.3)tofeelveryhungry感觉很饿,仅用于进行时态Whenwilldinnerbeready?I’mstarving.starvationn.[U]饿死dieofstarvationstarvationwages不够维持基本生活的工资6.origin起源，由来，起因Whatwastheoriginoftheaccident?Theoriginsoflifeonearth可用做可数名词或不可数名词,通常用作复数形式originaladj.原始的7.religious1）宗教上的，信奉宗教的Mostwesternpeoplehavereligiousbeliefs.2)虔诚的Sheisaveryreligiousperson.religionn.8.inmemoryof纪念Themuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.•拓展：in＋n.＋of短语•inpraiseof歌颂inhonorof纪念；为向……表示敬意infavorof赞同•insupportof支持inchargeof负责•insearchof寻找inpossessionof拥有•inneed/wantof需要inplaceof代替inhopeof希望9.belief1)信任;信心[U]Ihavestrongbeliefinmyfuture.2)信仰[C]religiousbeliefs宗教信仰beyondbelief难以置信believev.beliefnhave（great）beliefinloseone’sbeliefinIt’smybeliefthat-clausebeyondbelief相信，信任/赖不相信…我相信…难以置信，不可思议believevbelievesbbelieveinsbbelieveitornot相信某人的话信任sb信不信由你信任，信心，信仰10.dressup盛装；打扮；装饰Youdon’thavetodressup.Comeasyouare.ChildrenlovedressingupinHalloween.dresssbupdresssthupdresssbin+颜色=bedressedin+颜色dresssb/oneself打扮某人掩饰穿着…给…穿衣服11.trickn．诡计；恶作剧；窍门vt.哄骗，欺骗trickortreat不送礼物就捣乱(万圣节前夕孩子们挨户要礼物的用语)playatrickonsb.捉弄某人tricksb.intodoingsth.哄骗某人做某事tricksb.outofsth.骗取某人某物Thenaughtyboylovesplayingtricksonothers.do/performatrick玩把戏12.playatrick/trickson…捉弄…戏弄….Thenaughtyboylovesplayingtricksonothers.13.poet诗人LiBaiisagreatpoetwhowrotemanyfamouspoems.14.arrival1）到达，到来Thearrivalofthetrainis9:00.Onourarrivalatthefarm,wewerewelcomedbythefarmers.2)到达者Theywentouttowelcomethenewarrivals.anewarrival=ababyarrivev15.gain1）获得Hegainedfullmarksintheexam.2)赢得Thescientistgainedtherespectofhisstudents.Nopains,nogains.16.independence独立，自主IndiagainedindependencefromBritainin1947.dependvdependentadjindependentadj独立的，自主的bedependenton/upon依靠beindependentof不受…支配的不依赖的17.gather1）搜集Thewriterisgatheringmaterialsforhisworks.2)集合Theteachergatheredthestudentsaroundher.3)聚集Thecloudsaregathering.【辨析】collect指有计划,有选择地收集。Hecollectsstamps.18.award1）v.授予，判定TheyawardedhimthetitleofHero.EinsteinwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysics.Therefereeawardedafreekick.2）n.奖，奖品ShegotthefirstawardintheEnglishcontest.Theawardfortheyear’sbestactresswasayoungwoman.awardsb.sth.=awardsthtosb.奖赏某人某物辨析:award和rewardaward后接双宾语reward奖赏,给……报酬,不能接双宾语;rewardsb.forsth.因……奖赏某人；rewardsb.withsth.用某物酬劳某人Sherewardedherselfwithacupofcoffeeafterawholemorning’shardwork.19.produce1)v生产Thefactoryproduces1,000carsaweek.product产品production产量productive多产的，生产的aproductivewriter20.admire1)钦佩,羡慕Wealladmirehimforhiscourageandbravery.admiresb.forsth.在某方面钦佩某人2)欣赏Iadmireyourpoemsverymuch.3)赞美Headmiredhernewdress.admirationn.21.lookforwardto(doing)sth.期待着(做)某事ChildrenarelookingforwardtoSpringFestival.He’slookingforwardtohearingfromhispenpal.22.dayandnight日夜;昼夜;整天Hermotherisill.Shehastotakecareofherdayandnightinthehospital.23.clothing服装（总称，除衣裤还包括鞋帽）Thecostoffood,clothingandshelterishigh.辨析:cloth,clothes,clothing1)cloth指做衣服等用的材料,如布料,毛料,丝绸等,不可数。“一块布料”是apieceofcloth.2)clothes指具体的衣服,包括上衣,裤子等,不能与不定冠词或数词连用,但可与物主代词,指示代词,少数不定代词连用。作主语时,谓语用复数形式。Hewearsfineclothes.他穿着很讲究。3)clothing是衣服,服装的总称,是集合名词。作主语时候,谓语动词用单数形式。如果要表示“一件衣服”时,可以说anarticleofclothing或apieceofclothing,但不能用asuitofclothing那家商店卖童装。Theshopsellschildren'sclothing.24.custom1)风俗ThecelebrationoftheSpringFestivalisacustomforChinese.ItisthecustomfortheJapanesetotakeofftheirshoeswhentheygetintoahall.2)习惯=habitItwashercustomtoriseearly.theCustoms海关25.permission允许，许可Iaskedforhispermissiontousethecar.Youhavemypermissiontoleave.permitsb.todosth.30.turnup.1)出席(某活动),出现Weplannedtomeetat7:00,buthedidn’tturnup.2)把(收音机等)音量开大一些Turnuptheradioalittle,Icanhardlyheartheprogram.Theteacherturneddownthestudents’proposal(请求）.拒绝Ithoughtitwouldrainthenextday,butitturnedouttobeasunnyday.结果是……turnoff关掉turnon打开turntosb.forhelp向某人求助31.keepone’sword守信，履行诺言Ipromisedmyteache