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Unit3computersLearningaboutlanguage1.Tolearnsomeusefulwordsandexpressions2.Tolearnthepresentperfectpassivevoice.3.Tomasterthestructure.Learningaims1.Fillthewordorexpressionforeachofthefollowingmeaningsfromthetext.1_________completechangeinwaysofthinking,working,etc2________connectedcomputersystem3_________tomakethingseasier4_________tofindtheanswerusingnumbersrevolutionnetworksimplifycalculate5_______canbemovedeasilyfromplacetoplace6_______toworkouttheanswertoaproblem7_______totravelaroundanareatofindoutaboutit8_______completely9________anyway10_______activityofmanagingmoneymobilesolveexploretotallyanyhowfinance2.Completethepassagewiththewordsbelow.artificialtechnologyintelligentapplicationsexploreWebrealitylogicallyWhenmybrotherwasinhighschool,hewasveryinterestedincomputersandenjoyedwritingprogramsofhisown.HeusedtodownloadinformationfromtheInternetandmadegooduseofit.Helikedto________theWorldWide_______andusedtheInternettocommunicatewithcomputerprogrammersallovertheworld.WhenhewenttouniversityhestudiedIT(information___________)anddevelopedaspecialin________exploreWebtechnologyartificialintelligence.Afterdevelopingspecial____________ofthecomputer,hehopestodesignan__________robotwhichcanthink________andlooklikehumanbeing,butin________hewasalongwaytogo.logicallyapplicationsintelligentrealityThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceGrammar现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。现在完成时的被动语态Thestructureofthepresentperfectpassivevoiceis:have/has＋been＋~ed1.主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。Thenewschoolhasbeensetup.新学校已经建成了。2.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have/has+been+doneTheexperimenthasbeendonesuccessfully.这个实验做得很成功。现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have/has+not+been+doneTom’snovelhasnotbeenpublished.汤姆的小说还没有被出版。现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面。Hashisbikebeenrepaired?他的自行车修好了吗？现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+have/has+been+doneWhohasbeeninvited?谁受到了邀请？现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：1.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。2.主语是行为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态由have/hasbeen＋v-ed构成，其中v-ed为过去分词，表示被动。Ihavebeentoldaboutitmanytimes．Thebridgehasjustbeenbuilt．在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：1.过去分词前有两个助动词：have/has和been。2.必须表示被动。注意:1.副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:[误]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态(1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：[误]GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.(2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：Thepatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallthepeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.(4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。主动：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被动：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被动：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.(5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语。主动：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被动：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.1.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided单选2.Everypossiblemeans___topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused3.Allthepreparationsforthetask___andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted4.Somenewoilfields___since1976.A.wereopenedupB.hasopenedupC.havebeenopenedupD.hadbeenopenedup5.Thesilenceofthelibrary___onlybythesoundofpagesbeingturnedover.A.hasbeenbrokenB.breaksC.brokeD.wasbroken6.—______thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.—Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.ItoldTurnthefollowingintothePassiveVoice.1.Wehaveplantedsometreesaroundthelake.2.Myfatherhaslockedthedoor.3.Someonehasturnedoffthelight.Sometreeshavebeenplantedaroundthelake.Thelighthasbeenturnedoff.Thedoorhasbeenlocked.4.TheywillholdtheOlympicGamesinLondonintheyear2012.5.Theyhaverebuiltthebridge.Thebridgehasbeenrebuilt.TheOlympicGameswillbeheldinLondonintheyear2012.(1)［误］Manynewbuildingsbeenbuiltsince1980.［正］Manynewbuildingshavebeenbuiltsince1980．分析:谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。试分析：(2)［误］Somethingbadhasbeenhappenedtohim.［正］Somethingbadhashappenedtohim.分析:被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。(3)［误］IhaveintroducedtoMrSmith．［正］IhavebeenintroducedtoMrSmith(byMrWang).分析:introduce为及物动词，I是introduce的承受者。(4)［误］Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.［正］Thedoorhasopenedofitself．分析:有些动词如open，break，drop等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态。ofitself意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态。PuttheChineseintoEnglishtocompletethesentences.1.Youcanseethehouse__________________(未油漆)foryears.2.Howmanyworkers_____________(已派遣)tobuildtherailway?3.—WhydoesMarylooksounhappy?—She_________________(被嘲笑)byherclassmates.hasnotbeenpaintedhavebeensenthasbeenlaughedat4.Itissaidthatthehouse___________________(闯进了)bytwothiev