新视野大学英语4-第三版读写教程-第二单元答案(B4U2)

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版本:总第2版,2011年第1次制订锦屏水电工程雅砻江流域防洪度汛专项应急预案二滩水电开发有限责任公司锦屏建设管理局锦屏水电工程安全生产委员会二○一一年十二月颁布通告锦屏水电工程《雅砻江流域防洪度汛专项应急预案》是《突发事件总体应急预案》的支持性文件,是锦屏建设管理局专门应对可能出现的雅砻江流域汛情编制的应急预案,阐述了应急预案适用范围与事件分级,明确了应急组织机构及职责、预防、应急响应和应急保障等要求,用于指导雅砻江流域防洪度汛突发灾害事件的预防、应急指挥与应急救援,是锦屏建设管理局应对雅砻江流域防洪度汛应急响应行动准则。《雅砻江流域防洪度汛专项应急预案》经局办公会审议通过,现正式发布。锦屏工程安委会主任:锦屏建设管理局局长:二○一一年十二月日I目录1总则·································································11.1适用范围···············································································11.2灾害分级···············································································12组织机构与职责·····················································12.1应急组织体系·········································································12.2组织机构与职责······································································23预防与预警···························································43.1雅砻江流域气象水文特性概述····················································43.2预防与监测············································································53.3预警信息监测网络建设·····························································53.4预警信息监测与报告································································64应急响应······························································64.1信息报送···············································································64.2防洪度汛应急响应分级和启动条件··············································74.3主要部门、负责人应急响应程序与行动········································74.4次生灾害防范和处置·······························································104.5应急状态解除········································································104.6恢复与重建···········································································104.7总结、评估和改进··································································115应急保障····························································115.1应急资源保障········································································115.2通信保障··············································································125.3医疗救护保障········································································135.4人员防护和工作生活保障·························································136附则·······························································146.1预案的签署和解释··································································146.2预案的实施···········································································1411总则1.1适用范围本预案适用于应对锦屏建设管理局(以下简称管理局)和有关应急管理部门、相关方的机构组织在雅砻江流域年度开展的防洪度汛突发事件。1.2灾害分级根据国家《突发事件应对法》、《防洪法》及四川省防汛抗旱指挥部的要求,结合工程实际情况,依据雅砻江流域防洪度汛突发事件可能造成的危害程度、波及范围、影响力大小、人员及财产损失等情况,由低到高划分为特别重大(Ⅰ级)、重大(Ⅱ级)、较大(Ⅲ级)和一般(Ⅳ级)四个级别。(1)特别重大汛情(Ⅰ级):可能出现溃坝(堰)情况。(2)重大汛情(Ⅱ级):雅砻江流量为相应的10~20年一遇标准或可能出现漫坝(堰)情况。(3)较大汛情(Ⅲ级):雅砻江流量为相应的5~10年一遇标准或可能出现造成工程损失、威胁人身安全等险情。(4)一般汛情(Ⅳ级):雅砻江流量为相应的5年一遇标准以下,局部出现强降雨或支沟洪水超过设计标准发生险情及其它情况。2组织机构与职责2.1应急组织体系锦屏水电工程雅砻江流域防洪度汛应急组织机构如图1所示。2图1锦屏水电工程雅砻江流域防洪度汛应急组织机构图2.2组织机构与职责2.2.1防洪度汛应急救援领导小组应急救援指挥部组成:总指挥:管理局分管安全生产工作的副局长副总指挥:雅砻江流域集控中心主任、管理局安全环保部主任成员:管理局总部相关职能部门负责人、事发相关单位主要负责人负责雅砻江流域重特大汛情(Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)的防洪度汛应急组织领导和决策指挥工作,下达应急处置指令;必要时,派出现场工作组指导重特大汛情的防洪度汛有关工作。当重特大汛情发生时,若总指挥因出差等原因不能到位时,由副总锦屏水电工程突发事件应急救援指挥部箭头说明:管理流程支持流程雅砻江流域防洪度汛应急救援指挥部办公室办事机构工作机构其他相关职能部门专业应急救援力量现场应急救援指挥部相关单位应急救援领导小组现场工作组雅砻江流域防洪度汛应急救援指挥部雅砻江流域集控中心锦屏水电工程突发事件应急救援办公室3指挥或总指挥授权的人担任。2.2.2防洪度汛应急救援指挥部办公室管理局依托雅砻江流域集控中心设立防洪度汛办公室,作为雅砻江流域防洪度汛应急救援指挥部办公室,具体组织实施雅砻江流域防洪度汛期间突发事件的应急处置工作。实行联席工作制度,定期或不定期召开会议,讨论和协调解决指定的具体事项,以会议纪要形式记录议定事项,各成员单位按照部门职能落实责任,安全环保部负责督促落实。主任:雅砻江流域集控中心主任副主任:管理局安全环保部主任及安全监测中心负责人成员:管理局相关职能部门人员、单位分管领导和相关负责人主要工作职责:(1)协助管理局领导处置雅砻江流域重特大汛情(Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)的防洪度汛工作,组织协调雅砻江流域重特大汛情防洪度汛工作的预防与应急准备、预测与预警、应急处置与救援、恢复与重建、评估与总结、信息发布与媒体应对等工作;(2)负责向二滩公司部门报送、沟通雅砻江流域重特大汛情的防洪度汛信息;(3)承办管理局应急工作专题会议、活动和文电工作。组织开展应急管理调研和宣传培训工作。(4)负责锦屏水电工程突发事件应急救援指挥部交办的其它事项。2.2.3防洪度汛应急救援领导小组办公室的日常工作机构职责雅砻江流域集控中心是锦屏水电工程防洪度汛应急救援指挥部办公室的日常工作机构。负责防洪度汛时期应急值班值守、综合信息、应急协调和督办工作,以及管理局内部汛期经常性应急管理和准备工作。2.2.4防洪度汛应急工作主要部门防洪度汛应急工作主要部门是在雅砻江流域汛期防洪度汛工作应急处置中发挥重要作用和承担重要职责的部门,包括:办公室、安全环保部、计划合同部、工程技术部、机电物资部、财务部、安全监测中心、雅砻江流域集控中心。主要工作职责见管理局《突发事件总体应急预案》。其中安全环保部还应做好安保基金的灾害理赔工作;计划合同部还应做好灾害重建规划与国家及地方政4府的统一协调工作;财政部还应做好有关应急专项资金的安排;各专业抢险部门负责组织所属受灾相关单位的正常生产、生产恢复以及损毁重建工作。2.2.5防洪度汛现场工作组防洪度汛现场工作组成员由锦屏水电工程突发事件应急救援指挥部会议确定,由管理局相关部门、相关专业抢险部门及专家组成。在应急救援指挥部办公室直接领导下,开展现场应急指导和协调工作;收集现场信息,核实情况,保证现场与总部之间信息传递的及时、畅通;协助相关单位调配指挥外部支援的应急资源;及时向应急救援指挥部办公室汇报应急处置情况。2.2.6事发相关单位防洪度汛应急救援领导小组管理局成立现场防洪度汛指挥部作为雅砻江流域防洪度汛应急救援领导小组,负责本单位应对汛期突发灾害事件的指挥,落实相关应对防洪度汛的指令;在锦屏水电工程突发事件应急救援指挥部办公室指示下负责现场新闻发布工作;根据现场情况下达应急状态解除指令;完成应急工作后,负责完成应急工作总结;完成交办的其他任务。负责管理局的抗洪救灾工作,下设防洪度汛办公室、抗洪抢险队等。应急救援领导小组办公室作为常设机构,负责应急救援领导小组和现场应急救援指挥部的日常事务。应急救援领导小组办公室设在事发相关单位的安全管理部门。3预防与预警3.1雅砻江流域气象水文特性概述3.1.1气象特性雅砻江流域气候属川西高原气候区,由于流域跨越七个多纬度,加之域内地形复杂,谷岭高差悬殊,气候在不同的地区和高程均有较为明显的差异。流域气候主要受高空西风环流及西南季风影响,干湿季分明。一般每年11月至次年4月为流域的干季,日照多,湿度小,日温差大,干旱少雨。5月至10月是流域的雨季,雨量丰沛,降雨量约占全年的90~95%,雨日占全年雨日80%左右。流域各地多年平均年降水量为500~2470mm,降水量在流域内由北向南、5自西到东呈递增趋势。3.1.2水文特性雅砻江流域集水面积大,植被良好,具有较好的调节性能。每年6月至10月为丰水期,径流主要由降水补给,小得石水文站水量占全年的76.6%;12月~次年4月为枯水期,以地下水补给为主,水量占全年的10.3%。径流年际变化比较稳定,小得石水文站年平均流量(水文年)最大的1965年6月~1966年5月为2830m3/s,最小的1994年6月~1995年5月为1410m3/s,分别为多年均值的1.47倍和0.73倍。3.1.3暴雨洪水特性雅砻江流域洪水主要由暴雨形成。流域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