希腊神话之奥德修斯

TheOdysseusHeistheherokingofIthaca,husbandofPenelope[pi'neləpi〈希神〉珀涅罗珀],andtheyhadason:Telemachus[ti’leməkəs]〈希神〉忒勒马科斯.Odysseuswasalsotheonetoconvince50oftheGreekheroestohideinsidetheTrojanhorse.OdysseusOdysseuswasconsideredthecleverestheroandwasprotectedbyAthena,goddessofwisdom.Heoftenfoundsolutionsforimportantproblems.Heisfamousforabilitytotrickanddeceive.Odysseus’distinctivefeature1.Wanderingonthesea2.ReturnandreunionOutlineWanderingontheseaWanderingontheseaTheislandoftheLotus-EaterstheCyclopsPolyphemus:aone–eyedgiantThesorceressCirceTheSirens'SongBetweenScyllaandCharybdisThecattleofthesungodHeliosnymphCalypsoPrincessNausicaaOdysseussailspasttheislandofthelotuseatersThe-Lotus-EaterstheislandoftheLotus-EatersIwasdrivenbywindsfor9daysuponthesea,butonthetenthdaywereachedthelandoftheLotus-eaters,wholiveonafoodthatcomesfromakindofflower.Herewelandedtotakeinfreshwater,andourcrewsgottheirmid-daymealontheshoreneartheships.WhentheyhadeatenanddrunkIsenttwoofmycompanytoseewhatmannerofmenthepeopleoftheplacemightbe.Theystartedatonce,andwentaboutamongtheLotus-Eaters,whodidthemnohurt,butgavethemtoeatthelotus,whichwassodeliciousthatthosewhoateofitleftoffcaringabouthome,anddidnotevenwanttogobackbutwantstayingwiththeLotus-eaterswithoutthinkingfurtheroftheirreturn.Nevertheless,thoughtheyweptbitterly,Iforcedthembacktotheshipsandmadethemfastunderthebenches.ThenItoldtheresttogoonboardatonce,lestanyofthemshouldtastethelotus.Odysseus’StoryofLotus-eatersOdysseusblindingPolyphemusOdysseusBlindingPolyphemusHidingunderneaththesheepOdysseus’BlindingPolyphemusInHomer’sOdyssey(Book9),OdysseuslandsontheIslandoftheCyclops巨人duringhisjourneyhomefromtheTrojanWar.Hetakeswithhimtwelvementofindfoodanddrink,andtheyeventuallyfindalargecave,whichisthehomeofthegreatCyclopsPolyphemus.WhenPolyphemusreturnshomewithhisflocks羊群andfindsOdysseusandhismen,heblocksthecaveentrancewithagreatstone,trappingtheremainingGreeksinside.Polyphemusthencrushesandimmediatelydevourstwoofhismenforhismeal.Odysseus’BlindingPolyphemusThenextmorning,PolyphemuskillsandeatstwomoreofOdysseus‘menforhisbreakfastandexitsthecavetograzehissheep.ThedesperateOdysseusdevisesacleverescapeplan.Hespotsamassiveolivewoodcluband,withthehelpofhismen,sharpensthenarrowendtoafinepoint.Hehardensthestakeoveraflameandhidesitfromsight.Thatnight,Polyphemusreturnsfromherdinghisflockofsheep.HesitsdownandkillstwomoreofOdysseus’men.Atthatpoint,OdysseusoffersPolyphemusstrongwine,whichmakesPolyphemusdrunkandunwary.WhenPolyphemusasksforOdysseus'name,Odysseustellshim“nobody.”Beingdrunk,Polyphemusthinksofitasarealnameandthenfellasleep.Odysseus,withthehelpofhismen,liftstheflamingstake,chargesforwardanddrivesitintoPolyphemus'eye,blindinghim.Polyphemusyellsforhelpfromhisfellowcyclopesthatnobodyhashurthim.TheothercyclopesthinkPolyphemusismakingafooloutofthemandgoaway.Cyclops独眼巨人PolyphemusOdysseus’BlindingPolyphemusInthemorning,OdysseusandhismentiethemselvestotheundersidesofPolyphemus'sheep.WhentheblindCyclopsletsthesheepouttograze,hefeelstheirbackstoensurethemenarenotridingout,butbecauseofOdysseus'plan,hedoesnotfeelthemenunderneath.Polyphemusdoesnotrealizethatthemenarenolongerinhiscaveuntilthesheepandthemenaresafelyout.Ashesailsawaywithhismen,OdysseusboaststoPolyphemusthat“Iamnotnobody;IamOdysseus,KingofIthaca.”Thisactofhubris[‘hju:brɪs]causesproblemsforOdysseuslater.Polyphemuspraystohisfather,Poseidon[pɔ’saidən]forrevenge.EventhoughPoseidonfoughtonthesideoftheGreeksduringtheIliad,heboreOdysseusagrudge[ɡrʌdʒ]fornotgivinghimasacrificewhenPoseidonpreventedthemfrombeingdiscoveredinsideoftheTrojanHorse.PoseidoncursesOdysseus,sendingstormsandcontrarywindstoinhibit阻止hishomewardjourney.PoseidonhatedOdysseusfordefeatinghissonPolyphemus,sohemadeastrongstorm.TheshipnowreachedtheislandAiae,whereHelios‘daughterCirce[赛丝]lived.Itwasfullofwild,butfriendlyanimals,whichwerereallytransformedhumans.Circe,theenchantress[[in‘tʃɑ:ntris]女巫；妖妇]inHomer’s‘Odyssey’whocharmedhervictimsandthenturnedthemintoswine.女巫，赛丝是个美丽的魔女，有把人变成猪的力量，Theyalllivedtogetherinherpalaceforayear,andwhenitwastimeforOdysseustoleave,CircetoldhimtofindtheshadowofthedeadseerTiresias提瑞西阿斯(Thebes的一位盲人先知)downinHades['heidi:z].StoryofTiresiasDifferentstoriesweretoldofthecauseofhisblindness,themostdirectbeingthathewassimplyblindedbythegodsforrevealingtheirsecrets.Analternate可供选择的storyisthatTiresiaswasblindedbyAthenaafterhestumbledontoherbathingnaked.Hismother,Chariclo,anymphofAthena,beggedAthenatoundohercurse,butthegoddesscouldnot;instead,shecleanedhisears,givinghimtheabilitytounderstandbirdsong,thusthegiftofaugury['ɔ:gjəri:]n.(古罗马)占卜术.AfterhisdeathhewasvisitedintheunderworldbyOdysseus,towhomhegavevaluableadviceconcerningtherestofhisvoyage,specificallyconcerningthecattleofHelios,advicewhichOdysseus'mendidnotfollow,totheirperil.theSirensTheynowsailedbacktoCirce,whotoldOdysseusabouttheSirens.Somepicturesshowtheyareterriblecreatureswithbirdsbodiesanduglywomen’sheads,whosangsobeautifullythatallthesailorswouldjumpinthesea.Odysseusblockedtheearsofhiscrewwithwaxand