湿地的国内外研究进展

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王宪礼李秀珍(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)AdvancesinWetlands.Researches.WangXianli,LiXiuzhen(InstituteofAppliedEcology,Chi-neseAcademiaSinica,Shenyang110015).ChineseJournalofEcology,1997,16(1):58-62.Wetlandsarethoseareathatinundatedorsaturatedbysurfaceorgroundwaterwithsufficientfre-quencyanddurationtosupportvegetationtypicallyadaptingtothesaturatedinthewatersoilcond-itionsundernormalcircumstances.Generally,wetlandsincludswamps,marshes,bogsandsimilarareas.Thecontemporaryresearchadvancesonwetlandshomeandabroadwereevaluatedintheart-icle.Keywords:wetland,marsh,advnace.:,,29,,1985~1992,1995,1989/0/0/0,4,,25,,1991,1994,10/0/0,,51,,(swamps)(marshes)(bogs),,,,1900,,,1%5.7@107ha,1.1@107ha,1.2@107ha()2.1@106ha,3.2@107ha,,,(),,8.558@108ha,6.4%,,29.3%,13.4%,11%,10.9%(1)1[40]Tab.1Distributionofthewetlandsintheworld(@103ha)(%)2002.5255811.05397.33424.21361.9107717.26297.64394.523178.72211.41000.885886.41997,16(1):58-62ChineseJournalofEcology2,,,,,,,2.5@107ha,2.6%,,7.0@107ha9:¹;º;»;¼;½,¾;¿;À;Á1)1)565O3.,1994.5O3O1)5O3O4.2)..1985.6019615680,[27,28]80,,/0[2,4,6,19]2)1995,56,[25]56,,,,,,2.1,,1979~1984,,[5],[7];[8,9],[5],[11],[3]2)[18,26][10],,:;;;;;2.250,59:,[12,13]198356,,,198556[1],,[16,17]1988,56,,,[21]2.3,2.488@104,1.2@105ha,[14]1j,1j35j,35j[15][20]198956[14][15][6][22~24],562.4OO(),33.1,60,(saltmarsh),,(peatland)[34],,Teal,Pomroy,,,Sapelo,(SocietyForWetlandScientists)[40],,.1972~1985,1985/0,400,,17[38]:56[49],5:6(,1984)56[31],5:6[47]1986W.J.MitschJ.G.Gosselink5660161,1993,,[37,39],[33,41],[45],[35,47,50],[32];[51];[41,42,44,46],3.2,,(IPS),9,[36]1994/940,,[30,48],[29],[36],[43]1982,5[33]3.3Ramsar19716Ramsar56(TheConventiononWetlandsofIn-ternationalImportanceEspeciallyasWater-fowlHabitat),5Ramsar6,,,5,19936,56;199619936,77,19928,6,610(4.4@107ha)(IUCN),(IWRB,Interna-tionalWetlandsandWildfowlResearchBu-reau),,Ramsar,,,,,4,,,61:[1],..,1985.[2]..,1989,8(3):8-13.[3].,,1995,6(2):190-195.[4]..,1989,(2):39-42.[5]..,1990,5(3):193-205.[6]..,1990,5(4):297-303.[7]..,1984,(2):39-42.[8]..,1992,2(2):55-58.[9]..,1993,(3):35-39.[10]..,1987.[11]..,1994,9(1):43-50.[12]..,,1981.[13]..,1981,23(6):470-477.[14]..,1989.[15]..,1989,20(6).[16]..,1994,64(3):261-268.[17]..,1989,9(2):97-104.[18]..,1989,2(1):35-37.[19]..:,1989.[20]..,1989,8(2):4-7.[21]..,1988.[22]..:,(),.,1995,109-117.[23]..,1995,6(1):76-80.[24].(),.,1995.[25]..,1995.[26].32P.().1993,32():194-197.[27]./OO0.,1993,13(1):41-48.[28],..,1989,5(2):12-18.[29]Bennion,H.Adiatom-phosphorustransferfunctionforshallow,eutrophicpondsinsoutheastEngland.Hydrobiologia,1994,275-276,391-410.[30]Chapman,etal.Wetcoastalecosystems.ScientificPub.Co..Amsterdam,1977.[31]ClarkJ.Ret.al.WetlandsofBottomlandHard-woodForests.Elsevier,Amsterdam,1981,101.[32]R.Constanza,etal.Predictability,Scale,andBiod-iversityinCoastalandEstuarineEcosystems:Impl-icationsandManagement.AMBIO,1993,22(23):88-96.[33]GopalB.etal.WetlandsEcologyandManage-ment,InternationalScientificPublicationsandNa-tionalInstituteofEcology,Lucknowpublishinghouse,India,1982.[34]GrubichD.N.etal.PeatandPeatlands:TheRe-sourceandIt.sUtilization,ProceedingsofTheIn-ternationalPeatSymposium.Dullith,MinnesotaU.S.A.,august,19-22,1991.[35]JamesH,CowanJ.K.ModelingWetlandlossonCoastalLouisiara,Geology,Geography,andHu-manModifications.EnvironmentalManagement,1988,12(6).[36]Laine,J.etal.Effectofwater-leveldrawdownonglobalclimaticwarming:NorthernPeatlands.AMBIO,1996,25(3):179-184.[37]MaltbyE.WaterloggedWealth,LondonEarth-scan.1986.[38]MarkT.Imperial.etal.AnEvolutionaryPerspec-tiveontheDevelopmentandAssessmentoftheNa-tionalEstuaryProgram.CoastalManagement,1992,20,311-341.[39]MichalJ.Bardecki.WhatValueWetlands?Jour-nalofSoilandWaterConservation,May-June,1984.[40]MitschW.J.andJamesG.Gossilink:Wetlands,VanNostrandReinholdCompany,NewYork,1986.[41]M.A.K.NgoileandC.J.Horrill.CoastalEcosys-tems,ProductivityandEcosystemProtection:CoastalEcosystemManagemant.AMBIO,1993,22(7):461-467.[42]Mitsch,W.J.andReeder,B.C.Modellingnutrientretentionofafreshwatercoastalwetland:estima-tingtheroleofprimaryproductivity,sedimenta-tion,resuspension.EcologicalModelling,1991,54:151-187.[43]Muscutt,A.D.etal.Bufferzonestoimprovewa-terquality:areviewoftheirpotentialuseinUKagriculture.Agriculture,EcosystemandEnviron-ment,1993,45:59-77.[44]NieringW.A.TheEcologicalRoleofInlandWet-lands,Proceedings:1stWetlandsConference,1973.(77)62161,,:¹5~6,12342Fig.2DifferenceofaveragetemperaturebetweenAzollafiliculoidesgrowingtankandtherooftopsurface,º(10),,,»20cm,1.96kPa,,,,,¼,½,,,,[1]..,1993.227.[2]..,1981.69.(:1995619)(44),,/0[1]56..,1984.819-824,1057-1088.[2]..,1985.26-37.[3]..,1987.64-71.(:1995320)(62)[45]NortonH.Nickerson.ModificationofBogVegeta-tionbyPowerUtilityrights-o-fway.JournalofEnvironmentalManagement,1984,19.[46]OwenC.R.andHarveyM.Jacobl.WetlandPro-tectionasLand-usePlanning:TheImpactofSec-tion404inWisconsin,USA;EnvironmentalManagement,1992,16(3):345-353.[47]Tiner,R.W.WetlandsoftheUnitedstates:Cur-rentStatusandRecentTreads,FishandWildlifeService,1984.[48]TurnerK.R.ManagementandValuationofanEn-vironmentalySensitivearea,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