9：雅思阅读match&headings

雅思阅读配对题一、形式：三部分组成•题目要求、选项的集合、题目的集合二、特点：难以捉摸•大多数是细节信息（段落配信息题除外）•有乱序分布三、分类•配对一方是特殊定位词•人名配观点•地点配解决措施•时间配事件乱序•配对双方是长句子•问题配答案•原因配结果正序•段落配信息•乱序---语言实力四、基本解题步骤•识别配对的双方的类型以及各自的数量•决定先定位哪一方•通读配对另一方，划出全部定位词，逐段进行配对1.配对一方是特殊定位词•方法：•A迅速浏览定位词，在文中划出，没有出现定位词的段落一律不考虑。•B通读配对题的另一方，划出定位词，逐段配对。五、注意•1.大多数情况下，每个题目只能选一个选项。2.有些选项可能会用两次以上。•3.有的选项可能用不上。4.第一题的答案往往在文章的后部，最后一题的答案往往在文章的前部。ListofHeadingListofHeading•题型特点1.段落主旨题，总结归纳2.位于文章前3.选项无复选4.易连环错ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•做题步骤1.去掉Example选项及其对应段落，浏览其余选项，划关键词ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•做题步骤2.以段落为单位，找主题句和核心词ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•做题步骤3.先做该段内的细节题，再选Heading*先小后大ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•做题步骤4.用排除法筛选，去掉无关选项，不能确定时，先做其它段ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•主题句位置1.首句2.次句（首句为过渡句）3.尾句（so,thus,conclude…）ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•英文段落展开形式1.演绎法（DeductiveMethod）a.主题句+支持论据b.主题句+对比论据（段落中有转折）c.过渡句+主题句+……（注意第2句是否有转折）ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•英文段落展开形式2.归纳法（InductiveMethod）例证+总结（主题句）ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•核心词（重复出现是核心词）1.原词重复2.同类词重复3.指代重复ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•多段落组成section的说明（剑5T4P1）1.主题可能有多个2.重点看每个section中各段的首尾句，确定各段关系（有and等并列关系词的选项一般为可选项）ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•分析选项在有相同信息的选项中找不同（文章主题词除外）1.同中求异包含、相对：一个可选，一个排除并列：一般都可选AnswerviiTheproblemeffectsofthenewinternationaltradeagreementiiTheenvironmentalimpactofmodernfarmingiiiFarmingandsoilerosionivTheeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinrichcountriesvGovernmentsandmanagementoftheenvironmentviTheeffectsofgovernmentpolicyinpoorcountriesviiFarmingandfoodoutputviiiThenewprospectsforworldtrade1SectionA2SectionB3SectionC4SectionDExampleSectionE5SectionFListofHeading（段落主旨题）•分析选项1.含有下列词的选项一般为首段的headingnotion,definition,concept…ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•分析选项2.含有下列词的选项一般为尾段的headingimpact,consequence,conclusion…ListofHeading（段落主旨题）•注意事项1.位于文章前2.选项无复选3.去掉已选项4.某段不确定，先做其他段5.Example也要看BResearchhasshownthatthereisgeneticorinheritedelementtohandedness.Butwhileleft-handednesstendstoruninfamilies,neitherleftnorrighthandlerswillautomaticallyproduceoff-springwiththesamehandedness;infactabout6percentofchildrenwithtworight-handedparentswillbeleft-handed.However,amongtwoleft-handedparents,perhaps40percentofthechildrenwillalsobeleft-handed.Withonerightandoneleft-handedparent,15to20percentoftheoffspringwillbeleft-handed.Evenamongidenticaltwinswhohaveexactlythesamegenes,oneinsixpairswilldifferintheirhandedness.CWhatthenmakespeopleleft-handedifitisnotsimplygenetic?Otherfactorsmustbeatworkandresearchershaveturnedtothebrainforclues.Inthe1860stheFrenchsurgeonandanthropologist,DrPaulBoca,madetheremarkablefindingthatpatientswhohadlosttheirpowersofspeechasaresultofastroke(abloodclotinthebrain)hadparalysisoftherighthalfoftheirbody.Henotedthatsincethelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolstherighthalfofthebody,andviceversa,thebraindamagemusthavebeeninthebrain'slefthemisphere,Psychologistsnowbelievethatamongrighthandedpeople,probably95percenthavetheirlanguagecentreinthelefthemisphere,while5percenthaveright-sidedlanguage,Left-handers,however,donotshowthereversepatternbutinsteadamajorityalsoSome30percenthaverighthemispherelanguage.DDrBrinkman,abrainresearcherattheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberra,hassuggestedthatevolutionofspeechwentwithright-handedpreference.AccordingtoBrinkman,asthebrainevolved,onesidebecamespecializedforfinecontrolofmovement(necessaryforproducingspeech)andalongwiththisevolutioncameright-handpreference.AccordingtoBrinkman,mostleft-handershavelefthemispheredominancebutalsosomecapacityintherighthemisphere.Shehasobservedthatifaleft-handedpersonisbrain-damagedinthelefthemisphere,therecoveryofspeechisquiteoftenbetterandthisisexplainedbythefactthatleft-handershaveamorebilateralspeechfunction.EInherstudiesofmacaquemonkeys,Brinkmanhasnoticedthatprimates(monkeys)seemtolearnahandpreferencefromtheirmotherinthefirstyearoflifebutthiscouldbeonehandortheother.Inhumans,however,thespecializationinfunctionofthetwohemispheresresultsinanatomicaldifferences;areasthatareinvolvedwiththeproductionofspeechareusuallylargerontheleftsidethanontheright.Sincemonkeyshavenotacquiredtheartofspeech,onewouldnotexpecttoseesuchavariationbutBrinkmanclaimstohavediscoveredatrendinmonkeystowardstheasymmetrythatisevidentinthehumanbrain.FTwoAmericanresearchers,GeschwindandGalaburda,studiedthebrainsofhumanembryosanddiscoveredthattheleft-rightasymmetryexistsbeforebirth.Butasthebraindevelops,anumberofthingscanaffectit.Everybrainisinitiallyfemaleinitsorganisationanditonlybecomesamalebrainwhenthemalefetusbeginstosecretehormones.GeschwindandGalaburdaknewthatdifferentpartsofthebrainmatureatdifferentrates;therighthemispheredevelopsfirst,thentheleft.Moreover,agirl'sbraindevelopssomewhatfasterthanthatofaboy.So,ifsomethinghappenstothebrain'sdevelopmentduringpregnancy,itismorelikelytobeaffectedinamaleandthehemispheremorelikelytobeinvolvedistheleft.Thebrainmaybecomelessliberalizedandthisinturncouldresultinleft-handednessandthedevelopmentofcertainsuperiorskillsthathavetheiroriginsinthelefthemispheresuchaslogic,rationalityandabstraction.Itshouldbenosurprisethenthatamongmathematiciansandarchitects,left-handerstendtobemorecommonandtherearemoreleft-handedmalesthanfemales.GTheresultsofthisresearch