围棋英文介绍

ABattleofManvsArtificialIntelligenceLeeSedolisaprofessionalGoplayerof9-danrankandisoneofthestrongestGoplayersintheworld.Hestartedhiscareerin1996(promotedtoprofessionaldanrankattheageof12),winning18worldchampionshipssincethen.HeisanationalheroinhisnativeSouthKorea,knownforhisunconventionalandcreativeplay.LeeSedolinitiallypredictedhewoulddefeatAlphaGoinalandslide.SomeweeksbeforethematchhewontheKoreanMyungintitle,amajorchampionship.AlphaGoisacomputerprogramdevelopedbyGoogleDeepMindtoplaytheboardgameGo.AlphaGo'salgorithmusesacombinationofmachinelearningandtreesearchtechniques,combinedwithextensivetraining,bothfromhumanandcomputerplay.Thesystem'sneuralnetworkswereinitiallybootstrappedfromhumangame-playexpertise.AlphaGowasinitiallytrainedtomimichumanplaybyattemptingtomatchthemovesofexpertplayersfromrecordedhistoricalgames,usingaKGSGoServerdatabaseofaround30millionmovesfrom160,000gamesbyKGS6to9danhumanplayers.ThegameofGO（WeiQi）WeiqiAppliance（用具）Weiqiincludeachessboard,181blackpiecesand180whitepieces.Chessboard（棋盘）•Weiqihasbeenusedtodivinefirstly,soithascloselyrelationshipwiththeBookofChanges.Therearenineteenhorizontallinesandnineteenverticallinesontheboard,andtheymakeup361points.Theyaresaidthelunarcalendarof361days.TheBookofChange（周易)Thelunarcalendar（农历）Piece（棋子）Thepiecesaredividedintoblackandwhite.Itistheimportanttheoryofyinandyang.ThatisthebasisofChineseculture.HistoryTheoriginofGOGOisoriginatedinChinamorethan4,000yearsago.IntheZhouDynasty,vassalsusetwodifferentcolorsofstoneinsteadofenemysoldiers,carryoutplanning,developmentofoperationalstrategies.HistorythedevelopmentofGoTheGameOfGowasregardedasasimulative(模拟的)battlefield,andthegameofgoisatooltopractisepeople’sskillsofwarOnlygovernorscanplaythegameofgoThebookQiJing(《棋经》)intheNorthandSouthDynastyHistorythedevelopmentofGoAfterTangdynasty•Itbecameanamusingtoolforeveryman•becomeoneoftheFourAccomplishments(alongwithbrushpainting,poetryandmusic)thatmustbemasteredbytheChinesegentleman.HistorytheevolutionofTheGameOfGoOvertime,itgraduallyspreadtoJapan,koreaandothercountries,makingitaworldwidemovementofsportsentertainment.MathematicsandthegameofGOTheshapeofGO（棋型）Everypointhavethreeconditions:black,whiteandblank.Sowith19x19points,theshapesofGO:3^361≈1.74x10^172Evenifeachgameneedonesecond,tofinishthehugegameofinningschessalsoneeds3^361/(60*60*24*365)=5.52*10^164千古无同局MathematicsandthegameofGOThechangesofGOFirststep:361secondstep:360Thirdstep:359fourthstep:358……So361stepshas361x360x359x…x2x1=361!≈1.43*10^768黑白棋五子棋西洋棋象棋围棋复杂度10^5010^8010^12310^15010^700与人类最强者相比不如不如大约齐平较强人类远不如TherulesofGOFourprinciplesTwoplayersplayGoalternately,blackgofirst.Everyonemustuseonepieceeachtime.（两人轮流下棋，黑棋先走，每人每次只能下一枚棋子）Stonesmustputonthecrosspoint,andarenevermoved（棋子必须放置在交叉点上，并且一旦放置就不能再移动）Surroundingterritory,preventingtheotherside（尽可能地扩展自己的地盘，并且阻止对方扩展地盘）Removedwhenstonesarecompletelysurrounded（当棋子被对方完全围住（没气）时，需要从棋盘上去除（提子））