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商务合同的翻译一、商务合同概述•Acontractisanagreement,whichlegallybindsthepartiesconcerned.•在由StevenH.Gifts编著的“LawDictionary”中，contract被定义为“apromise,orasetofpromises,forbreachofwhichthelawgivesremedy,ortheperformanceofthewhichthelawinsomewayrecognizeasaduty.”•合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，在某种意义上，法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。综上可见，合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的法律协议。•合同英语属于庄重文体（thefrozenstyle），是各种英语文体中正式程度最高的一种。总体来说，这种正式性体现在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构的完整性等方面。合同种类•正式合同Contract•协议书Agreement•确议书Confirmation•备忘录Memorandum•订单Order•意向书Letterofintent•1.Sales/PurchaseContract•销售或购货合同•2.ContractforTechnologyTransfer•技术转让合同•3.ContractforJointVenture/JointOperation•合资或合营合同•4.ContractforCompensationTrade•补偿贸易合同•5.ContractforInternationalEngineeringProjects•国际工程承包合同•6.AgencyAgreement•代理协议•7.ProcessingTradeContract•来料加工合同•8.ContractforDifferentTradeForms•多种贸易方式相结合的合同•9.ContractforCreditsLoans•信贷合同•10.ContractforInternationalBuild-Operate-Transfer•国际BOT投资合同•11.ContractforInternationalLeasingAffairs•国际租赁合同•12.ContractforInternationalTransportation•国际运输合同•13.EmploymentContract•凭请雇员合同•14.InsuranceContract•保险合同商务合同的结构•前言（Preamble）•正文（MainBody）•结尾（FinalClauses）•1.前言（Preamble）：•A.订约日期和地点（Dateandplaceofsigning）•B.合同当事人及其国籍、主营业所或住所（Signingpartiesandtheirnationalities）•C.当事人合法依据（Eachparty’sauthority）•D.订约缘由、说明条款（RecitalsorWHEREASclause）•Whereas:wheninfact,consideringthat,thatbeingthecase•Whereas,ManufacturerisengagedinthemanufactureandsaleoftheProducts;•Whereas,ManufacturerisdesirousofsellingtheProductsintheTerritory;•Whereas,DistributorisengagedintheimportationanddistributionoftherelatedproductsoftheProductsintheTerritory;and•Whereas,DistributorisdesirousofbecomingadistributoroftheProductsintheTerritory.•NowTherefore,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:•(operativepart)•制造人乃从事本商品制造之公司。制造人希望在经销区域进行本商品之销售。销售人乃在经销区域从事与本商品相关商品进口与销售之公司。销售人希望能在经销区域代销本商品。基于以上之认识，双方当事人遂就下列各事项达成协议：•ThisSharePurchaseAgreementismadeonthe3rddayofMay,1991byandbetween____&___:•(1)ENTERPRISESHOJAECSA,acompanyorganizedandexistingunderthelawsofFranceandhavingitsregisteredofficeat89rueAlbertThomas,75010Parisand•(2)MarkGilbertHanderson,anindividualwithnationalityoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica(PassportNo.12345678),residingat2199PalmStreet,PleasantHill,California94509,USA.•正文（MainBody）•（1）Subjectmatter•合同标的物•（2）descriptionandspecification•有关合同标的物的描述或规定，包括数量、质量、性质、资金或价款等•（3）responsibilitiesandobligations•双方的责任和义务•（4）transferofthecontract•合同能否转让及合同转让的条件•（5）compensationandotherobligationsduetobreachofthecontract•违反合同的赔偿和其他责任•（6）settlementofdisputes/arbitration•合同发生争议时的解决方法•（7）forcemajeureandinsurance•明确风险责任，约定保险范围•（8）Validity,renewalandterminationofthecontract•合同的有效期限，以及可以延长合同期限和提前终止合同的条件•（9）appendices•合同的附件•结尾（FinalClauses）•A.结尾语（ConcludingSentence），包括份数、使用的文字和效力等有时还包括对合同进行修改或补充的内容或附件•B.签名（Signature）•C.盖印（Seal）措辞正式庄重•ThepersonnelshallnottopartakeinanypoliticalactivitiesinIraq.•所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。合同用语一般用语汉语译文commencebegin开始construeexplain解释purchase,procurebuy购买variation/alteration/modificationchange改变，变更pertainingto/inrespectofabout关于合同用语一般用语汉语译文asper/inaccordancewith/under/subjecttoaccordingto按照，根据assign/transfergive转让require,requestask请求，申请•QualitytobestrictlyasperthesamplesubmittedbytheSeller.•质量严格按照卖方提供的样品为准。•ThisContractshallbegovernedbyandconstruedinaccordancewiththelawsofChina.•本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。一般用语合同用语译文agreegrantconsentto赞同，同意applygiveapplicationto申请approvegiveapprovalof许可，批准assistgiveassistanceto协助，帮助permitgivepermissionto许可，允许使用术语•权利和义务•仲裁•终止•不可抗力•赔偿•合同双方•生效•rightsandobligations•arbitration•termination•forcemajeure•compensation•bothpartiestothecontract•comeintoforce•AJapanesedietmemberfromtheLiberalDemocraticPartydiscussedwithaChinesetradingdelegationyesterdayonfuturecooperation．•一个日本自民党议员昨天和某个中国贸易代表团讨论了今后合作的事宜。用词严密、具体、准确•ThisagreementismadeandenteredintoonApril16,2007byandbetweenPartyAandPartyB.•本合约由甲方和乙方于2007年4月16日达成。求同型同义词•nullandvoid•无效•termsandconditions•条款•provisionandstipulations•规定•agentorrepresentative•代表•claimorallegation•主张•anypartorpartsofit•其中任何部分•insufficiencyorinadequacy•不足•arisingorresultingfrom•引起求异型近义词•modificationandalternation•修改和变更•obligationandliability•义务和责任•approveandaccept•认可并接受•ableandwilling•能够与愿意•expressorimplied•明示或暗示•lossordamage•灭失或损坏•use,misuseorabuse•使用，误用或滥用•voidandvoidable•无效的和可以撤销的•voidableandvoid•可以撤销的甚至无效的连续使用介词•overandabove15%•overandupto15%inclusive15%•plusorminus5%•15%以上，超过15%（不包括15%）•15%以上（含15%）•加减15%缩略语及翻译•Intheearly1990stheEMSwasstrainedbythedifferingeconomicpoliciesandconditionsofitsmembers，especiallythenewlyreunifiedGermany，andBritainpermanentlywithdrewfromthesystem．•ExpressMailSpecial邮政特快专递•EuropeanMonetarySystem欧洲货币体系(4)套语及其翻译•Theundersignedbuyerandsellerhaveconfirmed…inaccordancewiththefollowingtermsandconditions.•下面签名的卖方和买方已根据以下条款确认…•本协议自签订之日有效。•Thisagreementshallcomeintoforceonandfromthedayofsignature.•Includingbutwithoutlimiting…•包括但不限于•Exceptifandtotheextentotherwiseprovidedinthecontract•除合同另有规定及在合同规定的范围外•constituteabreachhereof•构成违反本协议/合同的行为•NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESSthatitisherebyagreedbetweenthepartiesheretoasfollows:•兹特立约为证，并由订约双方协议如下：•英文合同中多使用情态动词shall，汉语使用能愿动词“必须”、“应