28人机工程学案例分析

BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSErgonomics.CaseAnalysis人机工程学.案例解析BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSDisplaysDesign显示器设计ControllerDesign控制器设计ConsistencyControl操作的一致性CONTENTBADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSBADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSHerelistssomedesigncaseswhichrequireconsideringhumanfactors.Byanalyzingtheinconvenienceandconfusionstheygiveriseto,wemanagetohelpstudentstounderstandhumanfactorsthoroughly.BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSDisplaysDesign显示器设计BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSWhichSideDoYouUseforCutting?Thisisaniceattractiveknife.Justoneproblem.Whichsidedoyouuseforcutting?Althoughyoucantellwhichendisthehandleandwhichendistheblade,itisn'tclearwhichsideofthebladecuts.DesignsuggestionTheshapeofanobjectshouldrevealhowitistobeused.BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSWhat'sintheBottle?Hereisanotherexampleofmanufacturerspackagingdifferentstuffinnearlyidenticalbottles.Theexampleshowstwobottlescontainingdifferentdosesofinsulinfortreatingdiabetes.Inthiscase,theconsequencesofchoosingthewrongbottlearemuchmoreserious.Youcouldendupinthehospital.ThebottleontheleftcontainsInsulinR(forRegularInsulin).RegularInsulinactsrelativelyfast(overa4to6hourperiod)andisgenerallymeanttobetakenbeforeameal.ThebottleontherightcontainsInsulinN(forNPHInsulin).NPHInsulinactsoverabroaderspanoftimeandmoreslowly(e.g.,a12to18hourperiod)andismeanttobetakengenerallyonceortwiceduringa24hourperiodtokeepadiabetics'bloodglucosefromrisingsignificantly.ManydiabeticsuseR(regular)insulininconjunctionwithNorsomeotherlong-actinginsulin.TheconsequencesofaccidentallytakingInsulinRinsteadofInsulinNatbedtimewouldbeseriousbecauseyoucouldenduphavingahypoglycemicreactionduringthemiddleofthenight(i.e.,extremelylowbloodglucoselevels).Thus,choosingthewronginsulincouldbeaveryseriousandpossiblydeadlymistake.DesignsuggestionThingsthatneedtobedistinguishedfromeachothershoulddifferbymorethanjustasinglefeature.Forexample,thebottlescouldhavedifferentshapesandsizestomakethemmoredistinguishable.BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSHowFastAmIGoing?ForalongtimeIcaughtmyselfmistakingthetachometerforthespeedometer.OnemightthinkthatIcouldbreakthishabitprettyeasily.Whywasthissuchadifficulthabittobreak?AtfirstIthoughtthattheproblemwasthatinoneofourcars,thespeedometerwasontheright(A)andontheothercar,itwasontheleft(B).Butasseveralreaderspointedout,thespeedometerandtachometeronthecarbelowhavethesamenumericscale.Soifagaugeshows30,doesitindicate30milesperhour,or3000revolutionsperminute?Thegaugeabovedoesn'thavethatproblem.Whenyouhaveseveralsimilardisplaysclosetogetherandlinedup,peoplewillconfusethemwitheachother.Thisisespeciallytruewhendisplayswithnumericscaleshavethesameincrements.Thesedisplaysshouldbemademoredistinctivebymakingthenumericscaleincrementsdifferent.DesignsuggestionABBADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSWhichSideHastheGasCap?DesignsuggestionSometimesstandardsarenicetohave.Itdoesn'tseemlikeitwouldmattermuchwhichsidetoputgascapsoncars,butitwouldbeniceiftheywerealwaysonthesameside.Astandardplaceforgascapswouldmakeitmucheasiertoremember.Everytimewegotothegasstationwehavetorememberwhichsideofthecarthegascapisonsoweknowwhichsideofthegaspumptopullupto.Thisseemstobemoredifficultthannecessarytoremember.Thispictureshowswhy.Thegascapisontherightsideofoneofourcarsandontheleftsideoftheother!Nowonderitishardtoremember.BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSGettingtheelevatortogotoyourfloorHereisthecontrolpanelintheelevatorofanicehotel.Youarestandingintheelevatorandyoupushthebuttonforthe5thfloortogouptoyourroom.Nothinghappens.Youpushitagain.Theelevatorstilldoesn'tgo.Youtrypushingsomeoftheotherbuttons.Stillnothing.Youbegintowonderiftheelevatorisoutoforder!Infact,youneedtoinsertyourroomcardintheelevatorbeforeitwillwork.Youlookonthecontrolpanelforaplacetoinsertyourcard.Youthinkyouneedtoslidethecardintheverticalcrack?Youtryslidingthecardandpushingthebutton.Itdoesn'twork.Youflipthecardoverandtryagain.Thistimeitworks!HowtoGettheelevatortogotoyourfloor?BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSAssignments(5-10mins)Fromtheformeranalysis,takeoutsomedesignsuggestions.Thesesuggestionsshouldbenewandcreative.HowtoGettheelevatortogotoyourfloor？BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSControllerDesign控制器设计BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSSmoothasGlassThispictureshowsthehotwatercontrolknobonthebathroomsinkinafancyhotel.Youcantellit'safancyhotelbecauseithasamarblesinkanddesignerknobs.Unfortunately,thedesignerdidn'thavepeopletrytoturntheknobswithsoapontheirhandsbecausetheknobsareaboutassmoothasglassandalmostimpossibletoturn.DesignsuggestionAwell-designedobjectcanbedesignedtobothlookgoodandbeeasytouse.BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSHowdoyouunlockthedoor?Thispictureshowsthelocksonourfrontdoor.Tounlockthedeadboltlock(above),youturnthekeytotheright.Tounlockthedoorknoblock(below),youturnthekeytotheleft!That'sprettyconfusing!Icheckedafewotherdoors,andthisseemstobethewaytheyworktoo.Iwouldhopetheydon'tallworklikethis!DesignsuggestionControlsthathavethesamefunctionshouldbeoperatedinthesameway.Forexample,bothlocksshouldbeunlockedbyturningthekeyinthesamedirection.Thisisanexampleofwhatismeantinhumanfactorsbyconsistencyindesign.BADDESIGNOFHUMANFACTORSGuessWhichSwitchControlsthe