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go英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。(把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语，这是最关键的着眼点，同时谓语动词作相应的变化。)被动语态的谓语构成:助动词be＋动词过去分词什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：①不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。③需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出，作为by的宾语，也可以省略。请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态:主语＋谓语＋宾语被动语态:例：Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.（主动）[注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。主语＋＋by+宾语be+过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday（被动）把下列主动句改为被动句①Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday.(主动)②Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.（主动）③Wehavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.（主动）→ManylettersarewrittenbyLilyeveryday.→Thisfarmwasvisitedbythemlastyear.→3000Englishwordshavebeenlearnedbyussofar.FillintheblankswiththePassiveVoice.1、Tea_______(grow)inFujian.2、Chinese__________(speak)inChina.3、Thebed__________(use)forsleeping.4、Ourclassroom_________(clean)everyday.5、Thecars__________(make)inBeijing.isgrownisspokenisusediscleanedaremade翻译下列句子1.电视机关掉了。TheTVsetwasturnedoff.2.那小偷被抓住了。Thethiefwascaught.3.所有的窗户都被打破了。Allthewindowswerebroken.归纳总结方法把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、、”来进行。即：①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例：①ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishbymanypeople.②Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoesbyhimyesterday.isspokenwerewashed一变二套三注意各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词3一般将来时will/begoingto+动词原形will/begoingto+be+过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形would+be+过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词6过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/were+being+过去分词7现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词had+been+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词把下列主动句改为被动句1.Theboycleanedthedeskamomentago.Thedeskwascleanedbytheboyamomentago.2.Wewillplant2000treesnextyear.2000treeswillbeplantedbyusnextyear.3.Youmustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.Theroommustbekeptcleanandtidybyyou.4.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Thethiefhasbeencaughtbythepolice.5.Thefarmersarecuttingdownthetreesonthehill.Thetreesonthehillarebeingcutdownbythefarmers.在被动语态中要注意的问题在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。①一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感观动词(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如：A.Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.B.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.C.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.D.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.[注意]当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动)使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感观动词seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosthgo②含有短语的被动语态结构。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有承受者。但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用法，可以带宾语，因而也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种：A及物动词+副词如：turnoff、setup、carryout、putoff、takeaway、turnon、handin、moveaway、passon、writedown、putaway、puton、takedown、sendaway、tryon、putdown、sellout、holdon、tryout、sendup、takeoff、wearout、wakeup、takeout、dressup、giveback、workout、getback、findout、pickup、giveup、pullup、putup等B不及物动词+介词如：lookaftertalkaboutplaywith等C.“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语。如：takecareof、payattentionto、makeuseof等动词短语是不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。请看下面的例子：①Theysetupthefactoryin2000.Thefactorywassetupin2000.②OurschoolwillputofftheSchoolSportsmeetinguntilDecember.TheSchoolSportsmeetingwillbeputoffuntilDecember.③Peoplehavetalkedabouttheaccident.Theaccidenthasbeentalkedabout.④Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourstudythisyear.Yourstudyshouldbepaidmoreattentiontothisyear.带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词或副词拆开。③带有双宾语的被动结构在句中的使用。有些动词可以带两个宾语，即指人的间宾和指物的直宾。可以将其中一个宾语提到前面做主语，另一个留在后面。①Herparentsboughtheranewcomputeryesterday.Shewasboughtanewcomputeryesterday.Anewcomputerwasboughtforheryesterday.②Theyhavegivenmesomegoodadvice.Ihavebeengivensomegoodadvice.Somegoodadvicehasbeengiventome.③ShewillwritealonglettertoDavidSmith.AlongletterwillbewrittentoDavidSmith.DavidSmithwillbewrittenalongletter.buysthforsbgivesthtosb带双宾语的动词主要有以下几个：give,buy,sell,take,bring,make,hand,pass,keep,send等带双宾语的动词，改为被动语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习惯配搭、要在间接宾语前补上介词to或for.它们的句型主要有以下几个：①givesthtosb=givesbsth②buysthforsb=buysbsth③sellsthtosb=sellsbsth④takesthtosb=takesbsth⑤bringsthtosb=bringsbsth⑥makesthforsb=makesbsth⑦handsthtosb=handsbsth⑧passsthtosb=passsbsth⑨keepsthforsb=keepsbsth⑩sendsthtosb=sendsbsth例：①Hepassedmesomepaper.(主动)Somepaperwaspassedtomebyhim.（被动）②Youmustkeepsomefruitforhim.(主动)Somefruitmustbekeptforhim.（被动）三、一些特殊的被动结构（1）某些系动词，如feel.smell.taste.sound等加上形容词，可用主动语态表被动意义。e.g.:Thefoodtastesdelicious.Themusicsoundsveryfamiliartome.（2）动词need.require.want.beworth.deserve后加v.-ing的主动结构常表示被动含义e.g.:Mywatchcan’twork,itneedsrepairing.Thisfilmisreallyworthseeing.need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用动名词表被动。Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthseeing.注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分有用动词不定式的被动形式。比较：Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepairedthisafternoon.4)注意动名词的被动形式，（beingd