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第十四节句子（二）考点精讲精练句子按其结构可分为三类：简单句、并列句和复合句。本节我们将重点阐述中考最常涉及的复合句——宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。在此之前先了解一下简单句和并列句。一、简单句简单句由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。简单句的五种基本句型如下：二、并列复合句由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上独立分句的句子叫做并列复合句，简称并列句。三、主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句组成的句子叫做主从复合句。中考对主从复合句的考查主要为宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。【考点1】宾语从句(★★★)考点精讲：1.定义:在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。2.宾语从句三要素：【考题再现】()1.(2016玉林)—Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellme_____changesomemoney,please?—Ofcourse.Walkalongthestreettotheendandyoucanfindabank.A.whereIcanB.wherecanIC.whereIwasabletoD.wherewasIabletoA()2.(2016绥化)Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornotthisafternoon.A.ifB.whenC.whetherC()3.(2015广东)—Davidasked_____inChina.—Ofcoursenot.Chineseusuallyshakehandswithaladyasagreeting.A.whyhecangreetaladybykissingherB.whyhecouldgreetaladybykissingherC.whetherhecangreetaladybykissingherD.whetherhecouldgreetaladybykissingherD()4.(2015梅州)—Showmethemap,please.Iwonder_____.—Look,it’shere,intheeastofChina,nearTaiwanProvince.A.whereisDiaoyuIslandB.whereDiaoyuIslandisC.whatisDiaoyuIslandlikeD.whenDiaoyuIslandisB()5.(2015广州)Couldyoutellme_____amomentago?A.whatweretheytalkingaboutB.whataretheytalkingaboutC.whattheyweretalkingaboutD.whattheyaretalkingaboutC()6.(2014广东)—Doyouknow_____？—8,844.43meters.It’sapopularplacewithmountainclimbers.A.howhighisQomolangmaB.howlongisQomolangmaC.howhighQomolangmaisD.howlongQomolangmaisC【考点演练】()7.—Idon’tunderstand_____.—I’msorry.ButIwasdoingmyhomework.A.whyyoudidn’twatchthefootballmatchB.whydidn’tyouwatchthefootballmatchC.whyyoudon’twatchthefootballmatchD.whydon’tyouwatchthefootballmatchA()8.—Pleasetellme_____thescarf?—Sheboughtitonline,Iguess.A.ifAlicelikedB.whenAliceboughtC.whereAliceboughtD.howmuchdidAlicepayforC()9.Father’sDayiscoming.I’mthinkingabout_____.A.whatpresentshouldIgivehimB.wherewehadabigmealC.howIwillgivehimasurpriseD.ifamIgoingtoplanapartyforhimC()10.—Iwonder_____.—It’saboutanunusualexperienceofalittlegirl.A.whowrotethebookB.whatthebookisaboutC.howIcangetthebookD.WheredidyoubuythebookB()11.—Iamworriedabout_____.—Whatevertheresultis,don’tbetoohardonyourself.A.howhaveIpreparedformyfinalexamsB.ifIcangetgreatgradesinthefinalexamsC.thatmyschoolteamlostthegamebecauseofmyfaultD.whydidmyschoolteamlosethegameB()12.—Doyouknow_____theSmithsleftShanghai?—I’mnotsureaboutthedate.IonlyrememberitwasaSunday.A.ifB.whyC.howD.whenD【考点2】状语从句(★★★)考点精讲：1.定义：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子称为状语从句。2.状语从句分时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等几种类型。具体如下：3.状语从句的位置：状语从句可放在主句之前，用逗号与其隔开，也可放在主句之后。4.“主将从现”与时态呼应的情形：【考题再现】()1.(2016宜昌)—Learningtoloveislikelearn-ingtowalk.—Yes,_____westepoutbravely,we’llfindit’snotsodifficult.A.asifB.eventhoughC.aslongasD.asfarasC()2.(2016临沂)_____AmericanpeopleandBritishpeoplespeakthesamelanguage,theirculturesarequitedifferent.A.SinceB.IfC.AlthoughD.BecauseC()3.(2016邵阳)We_____forapicnicifit_____rainthisSunday.A.willgo;doesn’tB.willgo;won’tgoC.go;doesn’t()4.(2016重庆)Don’tworry.Billwillhelpyoulookafteryourdogwhenyou_____awayonbusiness.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.havebeenAA()5.(2015广东)—Sir,Jennywantstoknowwhenshecanleavetheoffice.—Onlywhenshe_____copyingthisreport.A.finishesB.finishC.finishedD.willfinishA()6.(2014广东)—IwonderwhetherBrazilwillwinthematchlatertonight.—Gotobedfirst.Iwillwakeyouupassoonasthematch_____.A.startsB.startedC.willstartD.isstartingA【考点演练】()7.—Iwanttoknowifhe_____toplaybas-ketballwithus.—Ithinkhewillcomeifhe_____freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbeC()8.—Iwonderwhenhe_____inHavardUniversity.—Hewille-mailyouassoonashe_____there.A.arrive;willgetB.willarrive;getsC.willarrive;willgetD.arrive;getsB()9.Tinais_____nervous_____shecan’tsayaword.A.such;thatB.too;toC.so;thatD.enough;to()10._____you’vetastedit,youcan’timaginehowdeliciousthedishesare.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.WhenD.UnlessCD()11.Itoldhimthenews_____hecamebackyesterday.A.untilB.assoonasC.unlessD.sinceB()12.—Dad,pleasetellmewhenMom_____.Imissherverymuch.—Shewillreturnwhenshe_______herjobdone.Andshewillbringanicepresentforyou.A.returns;getsB.returns;willgetC.willreturn;getsD.willreturn;willgetC【考点3】定语从句(★★★)考点精讲：1.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。2.结构：一般为含先行词的主句＋关系词引导的定语从句。3.引导定语从句的关系词：(1)关系代词：that，which，who(宾格为whom，所有格为whose)，位于先行词及定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的主语、宾语、定语等成分。(2)关系副词：where，when，why等。常在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语，且往往可以用介词加which(如inwhich；onwhich；forwhich等)代替。4.关系词的区别运用：(1)Iliketeacherswhoteachintheirownways.我喜欢那些有自己教学风格的老师。(who作主语，指人，可用that代替，不可省略)(2)Heistheman(who)Sarahloves.他是萨拉爱的男人。(who作宾语，指人，可用whom或that替换，均可省略)(3)Thenovel(which)Iboughtinthebookstorewaswonderful.我在书店买的那本小说很精彩。(which作宾语，指物，可用that替换，均可省略。若作主语则不可省略)(4)Paulknowstheboywhosesisterdiedlastyear.保罗认识那个男孩，(他的)妹妹去年死了。(whose只能作定语，不可省略，在本句中指人，它也可指物)(5)Sheremembersthewoodenhousewherehergrandparentsusedtolive.她记得她祖父母曾经居住过的木屋子。(where在此作地点状语，不能省略，相当于inwhich)(6)ThatwasthedaywhenlittleIvywasborn.那就是小艾薇出生的日子。(when在此作时间状语，不可省略，相当于onwhich)(7)Letmeknowthereasonwhyyou’resoupset.告诉我你如此不安的原因。(why在此作原因状语，不可省略，相当于forwhich)5.关系词使用的特例——关系词只能用that而不宜用which的情况：【考题再现】()1.(2016龙东)Tobeabettermanisthebestsoapopera_____Ihaveeverseen.A.thatB.whereC.who()2.(2015广东)RunningmanisaveryrelaxingTVprogram_____ishotamongtheyoungpeople.A.wh