现代农林英语英汉对照

现代农林英语课文英汉对照硕水保163班2016年12月29日IcontentsUnit1UrbanAgriculture.........................................................................IUnit2ForestryManagement................................................................IIIUnit3Biodiversity...............................................................................VIUnit4Wetlands...............................................................................VIIIUnit5AgriculturalHighTechnology....................................................XIUnit6Low-CarbonAgriculture........................................................XIVUnit7UrbanPlanning....................................................................XVIUnit9LandscapeGardens.................................................................XXUnit10EcologicalLiterature..........................................................XXII现代农林英语英汉对照IUnit1UrbanAgricultureCurrentSituationandIssuesTheUnitedNations’FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)haswarnedthatthe12megacities(+10millionpopulation)willexperienceincreasingdifficultyinfeedingthemselves.London’s‘ecologicalfootprint’isestimatedtoextendto125timesthecapital’ssurfaceareawithfoodaccountingforaround40%ofthis.London’sresidents,visitorsandworkersconsume2.4milliontonsoffoodandproduce883,000tonsoforganicwasteperyear.ThefoodindustrymakesasignificantcontributiontoLondon’sGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)witharound11%ofalljobsfoundinthefoodsector.联合国粮食及农业组织警告说12个拥有千万人口的超大城市将要在养活自己上遭遇越来越多的困难。据估计，伦敦的生态足迹已经延伸到城市面积的125倍，其中粮食占据40%的面积。伦敦的居民、参观者和工人每年消耗240万吨食物，产生883000吨有机垃圾。食品产业这对伦敦的国内生产总值（GDP）做出了巨大的贡献：约11%的工作可以在食品部门找到。TheLeaValleyregionofEastLondontypifiesadecliningindustrializedhorticulture.Thisoncethrivingareaforfoodproductionhasshrunksincethewarduetotherelativescarcityoflaborandcompetitionfromimportsfromanincreasinglyglobalizedfoodeconomy.Theindustrynowcoversanareaof120hectaresunderglass.Ithasahighproductivitywith200orsohorticulturalenterprisesranginginsizefromlessthananacreto20acreswithproductionnearlyalwaysautomatedandhydroponic,ofteninpeatbasedmediaandusingartificialfertilizers.ThereissomepesticideusebutitisnowlowerbecauseoftheadoptionofanIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)approach,whilstenergyusehasalsobeenreducedthroughtechnologicalimprovements.Theenterprisessellnationallytowholesalersandsupermarkets.东伦敦的LeaValley地区代表着衰退的产业化园艺。自战争以来，由于劳动力相对稀缺和来自日益全球化的粮食经济的进口的竞争，这种曾经蓬勃发展的粮食生产地区已经减少。该行业目前占地120公顷的温室。它具有非常高的生产力：200多个规模从小于一英亩到20英亩、几乎持续的自动化生产和水培生产、通常使用泥炭培养基和人造肥料的园艺企业。有一些杀虫剂的使用，但现在已经减少，因为采用了病虫害综合防治（IPM）方法，同时通过技术改进减少了能源使用。该企业销售给全国的批发商和大型超市。Thisremnantofurbanagriculture(UA)couldprovideanopportunitytoredevelop,modify,anddiversifytheindustrytowardsamoresustainablesystem;furtherimprovementsintechnologyandIPM,conversiontoorganic,developmentofsustainable,socialenterprises,andproductionforlocalLondonmarkets,suchasfarmers’markets,shopsrestaurants,andco-ops,etc.,couldutilizetheexistinginfrastructureandchangethemodesofproductionandfoodsysteminLondon.这种城市农业（UA）的残余可以为重建、修改和多元化行业使其成为一个更加可持续的系统提供机会;进一步改进技术和病虫害综合防治，转变为有机，开发可持续的社会企业以及为当地伦敦市场（如农民市场，商店，餐馆和合作社等）的生产可以利用现有基础设施并改变模式的生产和食品系统。UAinEastLondonisgenerallynolongeraresponsetocrisesora‘copingstrategy’asitoncewasduringthefirstandsecondworldwarsandinpreviouscenturies.Commercialactivitiesareprimarilymotivatedbyprofitalthoughsomeproducers,particularlyorganic,havea现代农林英语课文英汉对照II‘philosophy’attributedtotheirlivesandseeitmorethansimplyawaytomakemoney.Sustainedlossestoenterprisesresultinanerosionofcapital,increaseindebt,andeventualbankruptcy.Socialandenvironmentalobjectivesandpoliciesofinitiatives(localsourcing,pricediscrimination/slidingsubscriptionscales,workers’rightsandconditions,animalwelfare,etc.),needtocoexistwithfinancialprofitabilityandeconomicsustainabilityiftheyaretosurviveandthrive.东伦敦的城市农业不再是应对危机或“应对策略”的反应，就如它曾经在第一次和第二次世界大战和在过去的几个世纪中那样。商业活动主要是由利润驱动，虽然一些生产者，特别是有机生产者，由于他们富有哲理的生活使他们看到它不仅仅是一种赚钱的方式。企业的持续亏损导致资本流失，债务增加和最终破产。社会和环境的主体以及初步政策（地方采购，价格歧视/滑动认购规模，工人的权利和条件，动物福利等）需要与金融利润和经济可持续共存，如果他们要生存和繁荣的话。Recreationalfoodgrowingismotivatedbyfactorsotherthanprofit,suchastherapyandenjoyment.UAactivitiesdoprovideawayforlow-incomegroupstohaveasupplyoffreshfruitandvegetablesalongwithmanyofotherbenefits,contributingtohouseholdfoodsecurityandnutrition.ThisisofparticularimportancetocommunitiesinEastLondonexperiencingproblemsintheavailabilityof,andaccessto,affordable,freshfoodor‘foodpoverty’.休闲食物的生长是由于除了利润之外的因素的促进，如治疗和享受。城市农业活动为低收入群体提供了一种获取新鲜水果和蔬菜以及许多其他利益的方法，有助于家庭食品安全和营养。这对东伦敦正在经历可负担得起的新鲜食物或“粮食贫困”的获得和获得方面的问题的社区尤其重要。现代农林英语课文英汉对照IIIUnit2ForestryManagementTheEconomicandEcologicalGainsofaGreenDrive绿色驱动下的经济和生态增益Forestsarereplacingfieldsforthesnakeofecologyandeconomy,anditseemswhat’sgoodfortheplanetisgoodforthewallet.为了寻求生态和经济，森林正在取代农田，这看起来就像对地球有利的对钱包也有利。GoodfortheWallet对钱包有利‘Thismountainousareaisbarren,andtheoutputofmycornandricefieldswasn’tenoughtoliveon.Ayear’shardworkgavememiserlyreturns,andnotapennysavedbeforetheprojectwascarriedout,’saidZhaoLiping,afarmerinWenshanVillageofHongyaCounty,SichuanProvince.四川省洪雅县文山村的一位农民赵立平说：“山区土地贫瘠，我的玉米田和水稻田的产出都不够维持生活。一年的劳作给我极少的回报