科技摘要翻译

LOGO由NordriDesign提供@126.comMobilePhoneNumber:13871256861TranslationfortheAbstractsofScientificPapersNovember19,2011Non-LiteraryTranslationCourseSeries●国家标准GB447-86：以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。●Wikipedia：Anabstractisabriefsummaryofaresearcharticle,thesis,review,conferenceproceedingoranyin-depthanalysisofaparticularsubjectordiscipline,andisoftenusedtohelpthereaderquicklyascertainthepaper'spurpose.Page2I.Definitionof“ABSTRACT”IICriteriafortheabstractsofscientificpapers●Ei(EngineeringIndex)：①Fouressentials:theresearchfocus,theresearchmethodsused,theresults/findingsoftheresearch,andtheconclusions;②Nomorethan150Englishwords;③Pasttensefortheworkdone,presenttensefortheconclusion;④Noformulas,diagrams,orreferences.●AIP(TheAmericanInstituteofPhysics)：①摘要中不使用第一人称；②语句结构上主谓尽量靠近；③摘要中不要出现图、表、公式及参考文献；④如果文题包含缩略语无法标明全称时，摘要中出现相同缩略语则必须标明全称。AnExample标题“三峡水库蓄水初期近坝区淤积形态成因初步分析”（《水科学进展》2011年第四期，清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室通讯作者：假冬冬）英文标题：PreliminaryanalysisonthecausesofreservoirsedimentationpatterninthevicinityofThreeGorgesProjectduringitsearlyfilling摘要：三峡水库蓄水运用后，库区泥沙淤积将显著增加。基于三维水沙数值模型及实测资料分析，对水库蓄水初期近坝区泥沙淤积形态的成因进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明坝前淤积形态的成因既与坝前水流流态的三维特性有关，又与水库蓄水初期坝前淤积物颗粒特性有关。关键词：三峡工程；水库淤积；浮泥；三维数值模拟；泥沙输运Abstract:SedimentdepositioninThreeGorgesReservoir(TGR)islikelytoincreasesignificantlyafterthefillingofTGR.ThecausesofreservoirsedimentationpatterninthevicinityofThreeGorgesProject(TGP)duringtheearlyfillingofTGRareexaminedusingtheobserveddataanda3Dmathematicalmodelforflowandsedimenttransport.ResultsshowthatthesedimentationcharacteristicsinthevicinityofTGParenotonlyrelatedtothe3Dpropertiesinflowpatterns,butalsorelatedtothecharactersofdepositedsedimentparticlesduringtheearlyfillingofTGR.Keywords:ThreeGorgesProject,reservoirsedimentation,fluidmud,3Dmathematicalmodeling,sedimenttransportIIILanguageFeatures●⑴词汇特点①专业性和单一性Carbondioxide（二氧化碳）plankton（浮游生物）polarorbit（越极轨道）civilengineering（土木工程学）integratedcircuit（集成电路）②名词化Expand→expansion（膨胀）move→movement（运动）leak→leakage（泄露）stable→stability（稳定性）humid→humidity（湿度）③缩略词的大量使用IT→informationtechnologysonar→soundnavigationandrangingAIDS→acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndromePDS→publicdomainsoftwareCPU→centralprocessingunitCALL→Computer-assistedlanguagelearning④新词层出不穷cybercultureScientificLiteracydot-commeteorologicalsatelliteMicroBlogcarbohydratemelaminecybernetics⑤词汇构成多元化借用：Boeing-737波音737飞机（人名）sputnik人造卫星（来自俄罗斯）Brazilianpebble石英水晶合成：fire-wall防火墙brain-trust智囊团sound-proof隔音的acid-fast耐酸的混成：Masstige=mass+prestigeMedicare=medical+careComsat=communication+satelliteWebcam=web+cameraWebnomics=web+economicsNetcast=net+broadcast●⑵句法特点①非人称主语和被动结构☞TheDopplerredshiftandthecosmologicalredshiftaregovernedbytwodistinctformulas.☞Basedontheprotocol,arapidprototypingcontrollerisdevelopedutilizingvirtualinstrumentstotestthecharacteristicsofsystemcomponentsinbenchtestexperiments.②名词化结构☞地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。对比：♦Theearthrotatesonitsownaxis,whichcausesthechangefromdaytonight.♦Therotationoftheearthonownaxiscausesthechangefromdaytonight.☞强度特征是金属被广泛用于建筑的原因之一。对比：♦Strengthisoneofthereasonsthatmetalshavebeenwidelyusedasmaterialsofconstruction.♦Strengthisoneofthereasonsforthewideuseofmetalsasmaterialsofconstruction.③后置定语☞由摩擦而产生的力称之为摩擦力。Theforcesduetofrictionarecalledfrictionalforces.☞获得的结果必须加以校核。Theresultsobtainedmustbechecked.④时态以一般现在时为主☞Scientistscanbeclassifiedintotheoreticalscientistsandappliedscientist.Thefrequency,wavelength,andspeedofsoundarecloselyrelated.IVTranslationskillsrevealedfromexamples●⑴以专业判定词义①Somereactionssuchasthosebetweensolubleacidsandbasesoccurveryrapidly.有些反应，在像____之间的反应进行得很快。（化学专业）②Thebaseisthefoundationofallthemachinesandisthepartonwhichallotherpartsaremounted.____是所有机器的基础，它也是机器的一个部件，其他部件都装在其上面。（机械专业）③Convertthefollowingdenarynumbersbase8.把下列各十进制换算成以8为____的数。（计算机专业）④Largemissilesaretypicallywithoutaraillaunchingsystem,andwhethertieddownorsimplystandingontheirbaseissubjecttowindeffects.大型导弹一般是没有导轨发射系统的，不论是系装在____上还是竖立在那里，都受风的影响。（航天科技领域）●⑵以搭配确定词义①TheareaneartheNorthPolehasnotyetbeendeveloped.北极附近地区还未____。②Researchershavedevelopedacomputerprogramtopredictwildfirebehavior.研究者们已经____一套预测大火走势的计算机程序。③Itlaterbecameapparentthatrabbitsweredevelopingadegreeofresistancetothisdisease.很显然，野兔后来对这种疾病____一定程度的免疫力。④Byexperimentation,botanistshavedevelopedmanynewplants.通过实验，植物学家____出许多种新植物。●⑶增补法Somesubstancesaresoluble,whileothersarenot.有些物质是可溶的，而另一些是不可溶的。太阳和沙都是物体，因为它们都是由一定数量的物质组成的。Thesunandagrainofsandarebothbodies,foreachconsistsofadefiniteamountofmatter.同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。Likechargesrepeleachotherwhileoppositechargesattract.气压低时，沸点就低。Whenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.●⑷省略法Stainlesssteelspossessgoodhardnessandhighstrength.不锈钢硬度大，强度高。由于种种原因，交流电比直流电用得更为广泛。Forreasonsthealternatingcurrentismorewidelyusedthanthedirectcurrent.水管对通过的水流的阻力取决于下列三个因素：管道长度、管道直径、管道内壁的特性。Theresistanceofthepipetotheflowofwaterthroughitdependsupo