2013年浙江中考第一轮复习第四讲词汇运用词汇运用试题的目的主要是考查学生对单词的拼写能力,以及词形变化、语法知识运用和词组辨别能力等。试题通常以语篇或对话的形式出现,测试内容以实词为主,虚词很少。词汇运用题在浙江省各地市中考试题中的考查题型为单词拼写、选词填空、根据首字母填空等。Ⅰ.单词拼写解题注意事项做好这类题,一般应遵循下面几个步骤:第一步读懂句意,判断词性;第二步确定词形;第三步核对答案。一、通读全句,确定词性通读全句,根据句意和所填单词在句中所作的成分判断该词词性,确保所填单词在逻辑意义上与整个句子一致。如:Agood________(开始)makesagoodending.【解析】句意是“好的开始创造好的结局”,其前有形容词和冠词a修饰,应用名词形式,故填beginning。【答案】beginning二、上下兼顾,确定词形通读全句或根据上下文之意,确定所填词应采用的正确词形。若为名词,应注意其单复数,可数还是不可数及其所有格形式;若为动词,应注意人称、数、时态、语态及非谓语动词形式;若为修饰语,应注意修饰名词或代词时用形容词,而修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句时要用副词;若为代词,注意代词的各种形式;若为形容词、副词,应注意等级变化。如:After________(完成)hishomework,Jimwenttoplaybasketballwithhisfriends.【解析】after为介词,须用finish的动名词形式作介词的宾语。故填finishing。【答案】finishingC________candoallkindsofthingsnow.【解析】因名词前无冠词,而且该名词是可数名词,故应用复数形式Computers。【答案】Computers三、全面考虑,不忘大小写根据短文内容和所给中文提示,写出空白处各单词的正确形式,每空限填一词。TheEarthNeedsaHelpingHandTheEarthisgetting1(更暖和)becauseofpeople'sactivities.But2(人人;每个人)candowhattheycantoprotectit.Herearetwo3(有用的)ideas.GotoschoolbybikeDoyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?Ifyourideabike,youare4(做;干)somethingfortheEarth.Buses,cars,trainsand5(飞机)producealotofCO2.Ifyoudon'tlive6(远的)fromyourschool,whynotgotoschoolbybikeon7(春天)mornings?Oryoucansimplywalktoschooltosaveenergy.WashinagreenwayDoyou8(经常)helpmumanddadwashclothes?Thenwashtheminanenergysavingway.Ifyouwashyourownclothes,washthemincoldwatertosaveenergy,butnotin9(热的)water.Pleaseusethemostenergysavingmachine.10(当……时候)they'reclean,dryyourclothesinthenaturalway—byhangingthemonalineinthesun.【解析】本文主要讲述了地球需要我们每个人帮助的道理。我们可以通过骑自行车或者步行上学来节约能源,还可以用冷水洗衣服、在阳光下自然晒干衣服来节约能源。1.warmer考查对词义的记忆及形容词的比较级。根据给出的汉语“更暖和”可知此处应使用形容词warm的比较级warmer。2.everyone/everybody考查对词义的记忆与理解。根据给出的汉语“人人;每个人”便可想到单词everyone或者everybody。在本句中作主语。3.useful考查对词义的记忆与理解。根据给出的汉语“有用的”便可想到单词useful,根据句意“这里有两个有用的办法”可知此处没有比较之意,所以用形容词原级useful。4.doing考查对词义的记忆及现在进行时态。根据给出的汉语“做;干”便可想到动词do,再根据空格前的动词are,可知此处用doing来表示动作正在进行。5.planes考查名词的复数形式。根据给出的汉语“飞机”便可想到名词plane,再由设空处前的“Buses,cars,trains”可知此处应用plane的复数形式planes。6.far考查对词义的记忆与理解。根据给出的汉语“远的”便可想到单词far,根据句意“如果你住的离学校不远”可知此处没有比较之意,所以用形容词原级far。7.spring考查对词义的记忆与理解。根据给出的汉语“春天”便可想到单词spring。此处用在名词mornings的前面作定语,因此答案为spring。8.often考查对词义的记忆与理解。根据给出的汉语“经常”便可想到单词often。在这里频度副词often来修饰限定help表示“经常帮助”。9.hot考查对词义的记忆与理解。根据给出的汉语“热的”便可想到单词hot,根据句意“不要在热水中洗衣服”可知此处没有比较之意,所以用形容词原级hot。10.When考查对词义的记忆与理解。根据给出的汉语“当……时候”便可想到单词when。此处用在句子开头,故首字母要大写。Ⅱ.选词填空解题注意事项1.先对备选词汇的词性作简单标记,如名词n.,动词v.,形容词adj.,副词adv.等。同时对词义做初步的理解。2.根据题意或通读全文,猜测空格中所缺的信息,注意发现固定搭配关系,根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3.填词过程中注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义,又要保证句式结构的正确。为了方便记忆,试着记住下面的顺口溜:空前空后要注意,“名词”单复数要牢记,还有“'s”不能弃,“动词”注意要变形,“形副”注意要用三种级,要填“数词”请留意,千万别忘“基”和“序”,填入“代词”需慎重,五格变化要谨记。4.完成填词后,应通读全文,复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确,是否有时态、语态、习惯用法及词语选用上的错误,以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入试卷时,切勿错位。用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)。walktheytakelightbadOurenvironmentisgetting1thanbefore.NowmoreandmorepeoplerealizethatweshoulddosomethingtohelptheEarth.HerearethethingswecandotohelptheEarth:Wecanrecycleglass,metalandpaper.Weshouldthrow2inthegarbagecan(垃圾箱)!Wecan3insteadofdrivingcars!Weshouldtryto4shortshowersandturnoffallthe5andtheTVwhenweleavetheroom.AllofthesethingswillhelptheEarth.【解析】1.worse根据后面的than可知应用bad的比较级形式,即worse。2.them由于throw后面接宾语,故需用宾格,即them。3.walk根据前面的情态动词can可知要填动词原形,同时与后面的开车构成对比,故填walk。4.take前面是不定式标志to,故填动词原形take。5.lights根据前面的修饰词all可知应填名词light的复数形式。专题训练7词汇运用(一)一、根据所给的首字母或中文提示,写出空白处各单词的正确形式,每空限填一词。1.Theriverisabouttwohundredfeetwide.Weallcanswimacrossit.2.Mr.Wanghastaughtuschemistryfortwoyears.3.Heistoofat.Hismotheraskshimtoeatmorevegetablesandlessmeat.4.Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou'llmake.5.Thelibrariesinourcityareopentothepubliceveryday.6.Therearetoomanypassengers/people/personsinabusandtheairinitisdirty.Ichoosetotravelbytrain.7.IwanttoseeEnglishmoviestoimprovemyEnglish,buttheyspeaktooquicklyformetocatchtheirmeaning.8.Thursdayisthefifthdayofaweek.9.Getupearly,gooutforsomefreshairandenjoyahealthylife.10.I'mveryupsetbecauseeveryoneelseinmyclasswasinvitedtothepartyexceptme.Ifeelsolonely.11.NowthestudentshavenolessonsonSaturdayandSunday.12.It'scoldinAustraliainJuly.Peopletherewearwarmclothes.13.Hangzhouhaslotsofwonderfulscenery.WestLakeisjustoneofthem.14.Annkeptsilentalldaybecauseherlittlebrotherbrokehertoybear.15.Ifyoucanswimacrosstheriver,I'llbewaitingforyouontheotherside.16.Tom,yourclothesaredirty.You'dbetterwashthem.17.Acameraisapieceofequipmentusedfortakingphotographs.18.Newtonwassittingunderanappletreewhenanapplefellontohishead.19.Passmethatpairofglasses,please.Ican'tseethewordsclearly.20.Idon'tlikethesoapopera.It'sveryboring.21.ABiteofChinaisaprogramonCCTVintroducingfoodculture(文化)ofChina.22.Forchildren,goodsleephelpsthebodyandbraingrowanddevelop(发展).23.IfyoulikeshoppinginBeijing,Xidanwillbeyourfavorite/favourite(最喜欢的)place.24.FoursuggestionsofstudentsfromBeijingNationalDaySchoolwereaccepted(接受)andreportedtoNPCduringtheNPCandCPPCCmeetingsinMarch.25.I'vehadsomemostdelicious(美味的)foodinthatrestaurant.26.Bobissixfeetinheight(身高).27.It'sgoodmannerstokeepyourvoice(声音)downinpublic.28.Myparentsusuallyspend(花费)lotsofmoneyonbooks.29.—What'syourbiggestproblem(问题)?—Idon'thaveenoughtimetosleep.30.Youcanbe