What Body Language Can Tell You That Words Cannot(

LessonFiveTEXTWhatBodyLanguageCanTellYouThatWordsCannotInterviewwithDavidGivens,AnthropologistByDavidGivensTitleanalysisheadNPpostmodifiernominalclausethatwordscannot(tellyou)WhatbodylanguagecantellyourestrictiverelativeclauseBLWNonverballanguageVerballanguageMessageSpeaker1VerballanguageMessageSpeaker2CommunicationNon-verballanguageVerbal&Non-verbalcommunicationVerbal&Non-verbalcommunicationDavidGivens,AnthropologistAnthropology(人类学)isthestudyofhumanity.AnthropologyArchaeology(考古学)Physicalanthropology(体质人类学)Culturalanthropology(文化人类学)Linguisticanthropology(语言人类学)LinguisticanthropologyLinguisticanthropologyseekstounderstand(1)theprocessesofhumancommunications,verbalandnonverbal(2)variation(变异)inlanguageacrosstimeandspace(3)thesocialusesoflanguage,and(4)therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.Definitionofnon-verbalcommunicationNonverbalcommunication(NVC)isusuallyunderstoodastheprocessofface-to-faceinteractionthroughsendingandreceivingwordlessmessages.Preliminarydiscussion(1)Whatformsofnonverballanguagedoyouknowexist?(2)Dohumanscommunicatemoreinverballanguageorinnonverballanguage?(3)Whydohumansemploynonverballanguage?(4)Isnon-verballanguageprimarilyinnateorlearned?(5)Doesnon-verbalcommunicationvaryacrossculturesandacrossregions?FormsofnonverballanguagePresentationChannelsofnonverbalcommunicationNVCcanbecommunicatedthroughgesturesandtouch(Hapticcommunication),bybodylanguageorposture,byfacialexpressionandeyecontact.NVCcanbecommunicatedthroughobjectcommunicationsuchasclothing,hairstylesorevenarchitecture,symbolsandinfographics.Speechcontainsnonverbalelementsknownasparalanguage,includingvoicequality,emotionandspeakingstyle,aswellasprosodicfeaturessuchasrhythm,intonationandstress.Danceisalsoregardedasanonverbalcommunication.Likewise,writtentextshavenonverbalelementssuchashandwritingstyle,spatialarrangementofwords,ortheuseofemoticons.Odor:GuangzhouBlacksInterviewstructureStructurally-plannedorunplanned:Topicprogression(话题推进),inQ/Apair(question-answerpair)GeneraltopicTopic1(Q/A)Sub-topic1(Q/A)Sub-topic2(Q/A)…Topic2(Q/A)Sub-topic1(Q/A)Sub-topic2(Q/A)…….InterviewstructureGeneraltopic:whatbodylanguagecantellyouthatwordscannotTopic1:theimportancetounderstandbodylanguage(Q/A1)Topic2:theinformationnonverballanguagereveals(Q/A2)Sub-topic1:approvalanddisapproval(Q/A3)Sub-topic2:dominantbehavior(Q/A4)Sub-topic3:someotheruniversalnonverbalsignals(Q/A5)Topic3:thenatureofnonverballanguage(Q/A6)Topic4:nonverballanguageofcourtship(Q/A7)Sub-topic1:refusaltocourtship(Q/A8)Topic5:touch(Q/A9)1.Theimportancetounderstandbodylanguage(Q/A1)Q.Mr.Givens,whyisitimportantforpeopletounderstandbodylanguage—thatis,communicationbymeansofmovementsandgestures?A.Thebestsalesmen,thebestteachers,thebestbusinessmanagershaveanintuitiveabilitytoreadbodylanguageandputittoprofitableuse.Theyadapttheirpresentationtothemessagestheypickup.Forexample,themostsuccessfultriallawyersarethosewhocanlookatajuryandajudgeandpickuplittlecuesthattipoffwhatpeoplearethinking.Anobservantlawyermaynoticethatthejudgeiscompressinghislipsintoathinlineasthelawyerisspeaking.Thisisacommonsignpeopleusewhentheydisagreeorarebecomingannoyed.Asmartlawyerwillquicklytryanewapproach.Suchsignalsareusedconstantly,eventhoughpeoplegenerallydon'trealizetheyarecommunicatingthroughtheirmovements,postureandmannerisms.Jurytrial(陪审团审判)intheUnitedStatesJudge+Jury(tomakeverdict)Plaintiffvs.DefendantTriallawyers(prosecutinglawyervs.defenselawyer)TipoffTipsthoff:suggestorhintatsthe.g.,tipoffwhatpoplearethinking:suggestpeople’struethoughtsTipsboff:givesbahint,secretinformationorwarninge.g.,Afriendtippedmeoffabouttheprecariousfinancialpositionofthecompany,andIsoldmyshares(股票)intime.Thethievesdidnotrobthebankasplannedbecausesomeonetippedthemoffthatitwasbeingwatchedbythepolice.Tip-off:n.密报、线报Compressingone’slipsintoathinlinePurse(up)one’slips:抿嘴、撅嘴2.Theinformationnonverballanguagereveals(Q/A2)Q.Whatkindsofinformationisnonverballanguagelikelytoreveal?A.Veryoftenitsignalsaperson'struefeelings,whichmaybecontrarytowhatisactuallybeingspoken.Forexample,apersonmayhunchtheshoulders,angletheheadtoonesideandcompressthelips.That'sagoodindicationthatheorsheisuncertainaboutanideaorperhapsdisagreeswithit,evenwithoutsayingsoinwords.2.1Approvalanddisapproval(Q/A3)Q.Wouldyougivesomeexamplesofthemostcommonindicatorsofapprovalanddisapproval?A.Whenpeopleshowrapportwitheachother,theyswiveltheirupperbodiestowardeachotherandaligntheirshouldersinparallel.Theyfaceeachothersquarely,theyleanslightlytowardeachother,andthereismoreeyecontact.Iftheydisagree,theyunwittinglyorunconsciouslyturntheirbodiesawayfromeachother.Suchsignsareunmistakableformsofbodylanguage.Therewasanunmistakablefaultinthematerial.材料里明显有错（有明白无误的错误）。Rapport(1)AgreementWhenpeopleshowrapport(=agreement)witheachother….(2)Relationshipcharacterizedbyharmony,conformity,accord,oraffinityHeisinrapportwithhispupils.Fatherandsonhaveagreatrapport.Shehasanexcellentrapportwithherstaff.Nothingbuildsrapportfasterthanhumor.Thespeakerwasenrapportwithhisaudience.2.2Dominantbehavior(Q