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Unit4MigratoryBirdsandCoffeeMigratorybirds:候鸟CoffeecountriesMexico墨西哥CostaRica哥斯达黎加Colombia哥伦比亚theCaribbean加勒比地区SkimmingGothroughthepassagequicklyanddecidethemainidea.Page54ExerciseA(6minutes)ScanningTrytochoosetherightanswertoeachquestiononpage54andlocatetheevidenceofyourchoiceinyourtextbook.8minutesLanguagepoints1.InbothNorthandLatinAmerica,migratorybirdshavefoundasanctuaryintheforest-likeenvironmentoftraditionalcoffeeplantations.Sanctuaryabird[ananimal]sanctuary鸟类保护区逃跑的囚犯在寺院里获得了庇护。Theescapedprisonerfoundsanctuaryinthetemple.refuge躲避;避难;庇护Inthestormwetookrefugeunderabigtree.在那次暴风雨中,我们躲在一棵大树下。一个小窑洞是抵御寒冷的唯一藏身之处。Asmallcavewastheonlyrefugefromthecold.InbothNorthandLatinAmerica,migratorybirdshavefoundasanctuaryintheforest-likeenvironmentoftraditionalcoffeeplantations.在北美洲和拉丁美洲，候鸟在传统咖啡种植园类似森林的环境中找到栖息地。Whilethismannerofcultivationproducessubstantiallyincreasedyields,thesecannotbesustainedformanyyearswithoutintensivemanagement(additionsofchemicalfertilizersandarangeofinsecticides,herbicidesandfungicides).yieldn.v.Hisbusinessyieldsbigprofits.他的生意带来巨大的利润。Thesoldiershadtoyield.士兵们被迫投降。Thesetreesgaveahighyieldoffruitthisyear.这些果树今年获得了大丰收。Whilethismannerofcultivationproducessubstantiallyincreasedyields,thesecannotbesustainedformanyyearswithoutintensivemanagement(additionsofchemicalfertilizersandarangeofinsecticides,herbicidesandfungicides).这样的种植方式提高了产量，但是，如果没有精心管理(添加化肥和使用一系列除虫剂、除草剂和杀菌剂)，就不能持续多年高产。Thefewstudiesthathavebeenconductedhavefoundthatthediversityofmigratorybirdsplummetswhencoffeeisconvertedfromshadetosun.Plummet:dropsharplyConvert—conversion转变,变换[(+to/into)]Theyconvertedthegarageintoatheater.他们将车库改成戏院。2.使皈依;使改变信仰[(+from/to)]ThepriestconvertedmanynativesintoChristianity.这个牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教。Thefewstudiesthathavebeenconductedhavefoundthatthediversityofmigratorybirdsplummetswhencoffeeisconvertedfromshadetosun.已经进行的为数不多的研究发现，当咖啡由遮荫变为日照，候鸟种类就急剧下降。Someagriculturalpracticesarecompatiblewiththemaintenanceofhighpopulationsofmigrants.Thenewoperatingsystemshouldbecompatiblewithexistinghardware.新的操作系统应与现有硬件兼容。有些农业实践有利于保持保持迁徙鸟类的数量。Birdsareonlyoneindicatoroftherolethatcoffeeplaysinprotectingbiologicaldiversity.鸟类只是咖啡在保护生物多样化方面所起作用中的一个标志而已。Shadecoffeepresentsatremendousopportunityforbothconservationandeconomicgain,inthatsucharelativelybenignformofagriculturehasbeenandcontinuestobesosignificantaneconomicenginefortheLatinAmericanandCaribbeanregion.遮荫咖啡为自然保护和经济利益均提供了巨大的机会，因为这样相对宜人的农业形式在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区一直并且继续充当非常重要的经济引擎。CoffeeisthethirdmostcommonimportintheU.S.,behindoilandsteel,respectively.咖啡是石油和钢铁之后美国第三最常见进口物品。Indollarvalue,coffeeissecondonlytopetroleumasthemostimportantlegalexportcommodityintheworld按美元价值计算，咖啡仅次于石油，是世界上最重要的合法出口商品Whiletechnifiedcoffeemaysignifybenefitstoproducersintermsoftotalcropoutput—aconditionwhichmaynotholdtrueoverthelongrun,andalreadyprovenfalseinsomeareaswheresuncoffeeisbeinggrown—therelentlesspushofagribusinesstoproducemorecoffeeperunitareamayhaveseriousenvironmentalandsocialconsequences.经过技术改造的咖啡对生产者来说意味着总产量方面的收益——这从长远看并不能持续，在种植日照咖啡的一些地区已被证明是错误的——为使单位面积生产更多的咖啡而不顾一切地推动农业企业，这会带来严重的环境和社会后果。Traditionalcoffeefarmingreducesthefarmer'sdependenceonexpensivechemicalapplications,safeguardinggrowersandtheirfamiliesfromthepossibleharmfuleffectsofcontactwithpesticides.saftguardTheBillofRightssafeguardsourindividualliberties.权力法案保护我们的个人自由。Wemakecopiesofourcomputerdisksasasafeguardagainstaccidents.我们复制了计算机磁盘以防意外。Traditionalcoffeefarmingreducesthefarmer'sdependenceonexpensivechemicalapplications,safeguardinggrowersandtheirfamiliesfromthepossibleharmfuleffectsofcontactwithpesticides.。传统咖啡种植减少农场主对昂贵的化学物品的依赖，保护种植者及其家庭免遭与杀虫剂接触可能带来的有害后果。Thisformoflandusemayitselfbeonthewaytobecominganendangeredspecies.这种土地使用形式自身也许正成为一个濒危的物种。Questions:Whatarethetwodifferentwaysofcoffeecultivationmentionedinthetext?What’stherelationshipbetweenmigratorybirdsandtheshadegrowncoffee?Whataretheadvantagesofshadecoffeecultivation?Whydopeoplebegintoadoptsuncoffeeproduction?Whataretheconsequencesofadoptingsuncoffeeplantation?Questions:Whatarethetwodifferentwaysofcoffeecultivationmentionedinthetext?shadecoffeeplantationssuncoffeeproductionWhat’stherelationshipbetweenmigratorybirdsandtheshadegrowncoffee?Migratorybirdshavefoundasanctuaryintheshadegrowncoffeeplantations.Coffeeandcacaomakegoodmigranthabitat.Whataretheadvantagesofshadecoffeecultivation?migrants’habitatshadetrees:commoditiesWhydopeoplebegintoadoptsuncoffeeproduction?Thismannerofcultivationproducesincreasedyields.Whataretheconsequencesofadoptingsuncoffeeplantation?Ithasresultedinmajorhabitatchangeformigratorybirdsinthepasttwodecades.Itrequireschemicalinputsandyear-roundlabor,placingfinancialdemandsandtheneedforcreditsonthegrowers.Itbringsaboutseriousenvironmentalandsocialconsequenceslikegreatersoilerosion,acidification,andhigheramountsoftoxicrun-off.Thisrarebirdhasbecomeanendangered______.Iprefertoseeanimalsintheirnatural______,ratherthaninzoos.Thisprojectisnot______withthecompany’slong-termplans.Vocabulary:specieshabitatcompatibleThattree______plentyoffruit.Thechildren’sages______from5to15.Coalcanb