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Lesson11Notguilty无罪WarmingupHaveyoueverbeenabroad?Haveyouevertakenaplane?Haveyoueverboughtanythingfromabroad?WhatdoyouthinkoftheCustomsOfficers?Newwordsandexpressions•guilty犯罪的，违法的•tolerate宽容的•declare申报•hardened有经验的•professional职业的，专业的•smuggler走私者•officious爱管闲事的•confidently自信地•dreadful可怕的，一团糟的•pounce猛抓，扑住•perfume香水•sarcastically讽刺地•exempt被免除的•duty税•gel凝胶•mixture混合物•unscrew拧开•nostril鼻孔•chalk粉笔•baggage行李•Guiltyadj.犯罪的，违法的•--Hefeltguiltywhenhedidwhatheshouldn'thavedone.•--Hesaidthatwithaguiltysmile.•guilt(n.罪行,内疚)•guiltily(adv.有罪地,有罪似地)•反义词：innocent(adj.清白的,无罪的)innocence(n.清白)•tolerantadj.宽容的Tolerantly(adv.)•--Atolerantpersonmustbeeasygoing.•一个宽容的人一定是很好相处的。•Tolerance(n.宽容,忍受,容忍)Tolerate(vt.忍受,容忍)•Tolerable(adj.可忍受的)--Thehardshipistolerable.这种困苦还是可以忍受的。•hardenedadj.有经验的•（侧重于老练的）•--ahardenedplayerahardenedthief•experiencedadj.富有经验的•(侧重于有经验的)--anexperiencedteacher•officiousadj.爱管闲事的•Officiousness(n.)•--Alotofoldladiesareofficious.•Officiousadj.多管闲事的,非官方的,非正式的,专横的•Officiously（adv.多管闲事的,非正式的,非官方的）•officialadj.官方的,官员的,正式的•--Anofficialinquirywillbemadeintothismatter.（inquiryn.质询,调查）•此事将进行一次官方调查。•Confidentlyadv.自信地（=withconfidence充满信心的）•--Hewenttodotheworkconfidently.•Confidence(n.信心)--haveconfidence有信心/gainconfidence获得信心•inconfidence•(悄悄的,秘密的)=secretly•takesbintoone'sconfidence•以某人为心腹•--Thebosstakeshissecretaryintohisconfidence.•dreadfuladj.可怕的，一团糟的（=frightfuladj.糟糕的,讨厌的）•dreadful（侧重于可怕的,乱七八糟的）•--Theroomisdreadful.•afrightfulday•fearful（表示胆怯的,恐惧的）•--shefeltfearfulparticularlywhenshewentoutatnight.（adv.独特地,显著地）•dutyn.税•--CustomsDuty关税dutyfree免税的•--StampDuty印花税（stampn.邮票,印花,图章,标志）•同义词：taxn.税,税款,税金•--incometax所得税•Evenreallyhonestpeopleareoftenmadetofeelguilty.•aremadetofeelguilty•make,have,let及感官性动词see,hear,notice,feel用于主动语态,符合宾语不定式的符号to•应省略。但这种结构改成被动式时,不定式符号to必须还原。•--Weheardsomeonecomeupthestairs.•--Someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs.•Thehardenedprofessionalsmuggler,ontheotherhand,isnevertroubledbysuchfeelings,•evenifhehasfivehundredgoldwatcheshiddeninhissuitcase.•evenifhehasfivehundredgoldwatcheshiddeninhissuitcase.•=Evenif/thoughhehasfivehundredgoldenwatchesthatarehiddeninhissuitcase.•hiddeninhissuitcase（过去分词短语作定语,修饰watches）•Ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand…。•--Ontheonehandwecouldstayandhelpyou,butontheotherhanditmightbebetterifyou•wenttohelphiminstead.•'Haveyouanythingtodeclare?'heasked,lookingmeintheeye.•lookingmeintheeye两眼直盯盯的注视着我•=looksbintheface=staresbintheeyes=lookdirectlyatsb•--Notoneofthemendaredlookhiminthe•eye.没有人敢正眼看他。•AllthethingIhadpackedsocarefullyweresooninadreadfulmess.•inamess乱作一团•介词in和名词搭配，表示一种状态•--ingoodorder•秩序井然•ingoodhealth•身体健康•--inagoodmood•心情好•--inagoodtemper•脾气好•Hehadspottedatinybottleatthebottomofmycaseandhepouncedonitwithdelight.•withdelight欣喜若狂地（with和抽象名词搭配,表示内心充满了一种感情）•--withconfidence自信地--withcare细心地•--withpride骄傲地/--withdelight欣喜若狂地•pounceon向...猛扑过去,对...大做文章•--Thepolicemanpouncedonthethief.警察向小偷猛扑过去。•--Don'tpounceonmymistake.不要对我的错误大做文章。•'Perfume,eh?'heaskedsarcastically.'Youshouldhavedeclaredthat.Perfumeisnotexempt•fromimportduty.'•shouldhave和过去分词搭配（表示本应该做某事却没有做,具有谴责性的味道）•--Youshouldhavearrivedherefiveminutesearlier.•--Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutit.•shouldn'thavedone本不应该做某事•exemptv.免除adj.被免除的（beexemptfrom）•--Drinksarenotexemptfromimportduty.Perfumeisnotexemptfromimportdutyeither.•AsIexpected,hedidnotbelieveme.•As：关系代词（引导非限制性定语从句,它所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义）•--Asweknow,theearthisround.众所周知,地球是圆的。•--AsImentioned正如我所提及的•--AsIsoonlearned,hewasEnglishhimself.正如我很快得知的,他也是英国人。•关系代词as和which的区别：•as所引导的非限制性定语从句,可用在主句之前。•which引导的非限制性定语从句,只能用在主句之后。直接引语变间接引语1、人称的转变1）直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”——Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称如：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.——MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”——Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”——HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。2、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”——Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”——Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”——Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.4）当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”——Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”——Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”——Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.7）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时如