词语(成语)的翻译

词语的翻译一、认真辨析词义多义词歧异词同义词反义词多义词1.我们找个安静点的地方好好聊聊。Let’sfindaquietplacewherewecanhaveagoodtalk.Let’sfindsomewherequietsowecanhaveagoodtalk.2.箱子里已经没有地方了。Thereisnomorespaceinthechest.Thereisnoroomleftinthechest.3.你希望留在部队还是到地方上去？Doyouwishtostayinthearmyortotransfertoacivilianunit?Wouldyouliketostayinthearmyorleaveforanon-militaryunit?4.我国的一项基本国策是发展乡镇企业。It’spartandparcelofournationalpolicytodevelopenterprisesinvillagesandtowns.Itisanintegralpartofournationalpolicytopromotethegrowthoftownshipandvillageenterprises.5.我们要根据形势的发展来调整政策。Wemustmakeadjustmentinourpolicyinresponsetochangesinthesituation.Wehavetoadjustourpolicytothechangingsituation.6.请大家积极参与单位的体制改革。Everyoneiscalledontotakeanactivepartinthesystematicreformofone’sworkunit.Youareallencouragedtoplayanactiveroleinthesystematicreformofourunit.7.他总是以积极态度处理各种问题。Hetakesapositiveattitudeindealingwithallkindsofproblems.Heapproachesvariousproblemswithapositiveframeofmind.8.请别客气.Pleasedon’tstandonceremony.Pleasedon’tbesopolite.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasedon’tbother.Please,wedon’twanttoputyoutotrouble.9.他客气而冷淡地接待了我们.Hereceiveduspolitelybutcoolly.Hereceiveduswithcivility(礼貌)butnowarmth.Hereceiveduswithcoolpoliteness.Hereceiveduswithpoliteindifference.10.对他这种人就是不能客气.Youcannotaffordtogosoftonamanlikehim.Youmustnotbetoosoftwhendealingwithsomeonelikehim.Youmustbetoughwithpeoplelikehim.Don’tgiveineasilywhendealingwithsomeonelikehim.11.他说自己才疏学浅,这只不过是中国人的客气罢了.Hesaysthatheisamanoflittlelearningandtalent.Thatismerelyself-depreciation,consideredaspolitenessbytheChinese.Whenhesayshehaslittlelearningortalent,heisonlybeingmodestinaccordancewiththeChineserulesofpoliteness.Bydescribinghimselfaslackingintalentandlearning,heisonlybeingmodestlikeatypicalChinese.Hedescribeshimselfasincompetentandunlearned.ThatismerelytypicalChinesemodesty.Moreexample说来话长。Itisalongstory.他的名字我一时说不上来。Ican’trecallhisnameatthemoment.你连续三天没交作业，这可说不过去。Youhaven’thandedinyourexercisesfor3daysinarow.Thisisinexcusable.那件大衣的面子很漂亮。Theouterpartofthecoatisverybeautiful.如果怕丢面子，就说不好英语。Ifoneisafraidoflosinghisdignity(face),hecan’texpecttospeakEnglishwell.不是我不买你的面子，实在是这事儿不好办。I’dbehappytodeferyourwishes,butthere’sreallynothingIcandoaboutit.那是万万不行的。That’sabsolutelyoutofthequestion.我万万没有想到。Thisideaneveroccurredtome.蕴涵意义的理解和表达（P72-P75,4.2-4.4)蕴涵意义：词语内含的情感和联想意义，是词语的隐含意义,主要体现在词语修辞色彩、文体特征、文化内涵等方面。翻译时，译者应在不影响指称意义传达的前提下尽可能在译文中反映出原文的独特的文化信息和审美价值。从贴切表达词语蕴含意义的角度比较以下几组译文买大包装的吧，便宜多了。A.Buytheeconomysize.It’salotcheaper.B.Buythelargesize.It’salotcheaper.世事洞明皆学问，人情练达即文章。A.Theworld’saffairs,wellunderstood,areallscholarship.Humanrelationships,maturelyexperienced,arealreadyliterature.B.Truelearningimpliesaclearinsightintohumanactivities.Genuinecultureinvolvestheskillfulmanipulationofhumanrelationship.(√)(√)同义词的区分General/SpecificDegree(Deep/Shallow)Coverage(wide/narrow)Abstract/Concrete同义词农业是国民经济的基础.（广义）这些年来,我国的农业林业畜牧业和渔业都得到了相应的发展.（侠义）我们要破除迷信,解放思想.当前我们应努力克服个人主义和享乐主义各种错误思想.他那八十高龄的母亲已于上月去世.（褒义）臭名昭著的麦卡锡终于一命呜呼哀哉!（贬义）二、认真选词用词1.词汇的感情色彩注意词义的广狭注意词义的轻重注意词义的褒贬注意词义的强弱2.词汇的文体色彩intimate—casual—consultative—formal—Frozen3.词语的搭配美丽美丽、好看、漂亮、中看、受看、入眼、顺眼、英俊、俊俏、俊美、绝色、冰肌玉骨、面如冠玉、花容月貌、国色天香、秀色可餐、倾国倾城等。死亡亡、卒、陨、崩、亡故、过世、仙逝、归西、牺牲、献身、永别、没了、完蛋、毙命、送命、暴卒、阵亡、夭折、早逝、升天、坐化、羽化、圆寂、回老家、玩儿完、粉身碎骨、溘然长逝、寿终正寝、呜呼哀哉、驾鹤西游、百年之后、三长两短、以身许国、马革裹尸、玉殒香先交代我自己吧。我是个算命先生。我也卖过酸枣、落花生什么的，那可是先前的事了。现在我在街上摆挂摊，好了呢，一天也抓弄个三毛五毛的。老伴儿早死了，儿子拉洋车。我们爷儿俩住着柳家大院的一间北房。First,afewwordsaboutmyself.I’mafortune-teller.OnceIwasavenderofsourdates,ground-nutsandwhatnot.Butthatwasagesago.NowIkeepafortune-teller’sstallontheside-walkandcanscrapeupthreeorfivedimesadayatbest.Myoldgalhadlongkickedupherheels.Myson’sarickshaw-boy.That’swhoheis.Wetwo,fatherandson,hangourhatsatasouth-facingroomintheliu’scompound.词类转译汉语动词的转译汉语名词的转译汉语形容词或副词的转译汉语动词转译为英语名词交易增加，要求流通的货币量也增加。Anincreaseinbusinessrequiresanincreaseintheamountofmoneycomingintogeneralcirculation.我们特别强调搞好售后服务。Welayspecialstressontheimportanceofofferinggoodfollow-upservice.汉语动词转译为英语形容词我们切不可满足于仅仅有的一点点书本知识。Weshouldneverbecontentwithalittlebookknowledge.他热爱科学研究，但对提升职称不感兴趣。Heiskeenonscientificresearchbutindifferenttopromotion.大多数子女都要独立，不愿依靠他们的父母。Mostchildrenwanttobeindependentoftheirparents.汉语动词转译为英语介词或介词短语(P100)我们不应只追求名誉地位。Weshouldnotbeafteronlyfameandposition.她漂亮得无法形容。Herbeautyisbeyonddescription.汉语名词的转译汉语名词转译为英语动词他的画的特点是笔力沉着，颜色鲜明。Hispaintingsarecharacterizedbysteadystrokesandbrightcolors.他的呼吸有大蒜味道。Hisbreathsmellsofgarlic.汉语名词转译为英语形容词或副词我们应该尊老爱幼。Weshouldrespecttheoldandlovetheyoung.领导干部要讲政治。Cadresshouldbepoliticallyminded.词语省译省译表范畴的词语省译重复词语省译没有实际意义的词语调整句法结构，省译某些词语从文化角度省译词语省译重复词语搞好重点商品、重点市场、重点地区大案要案的清查。Weshouldinvestigatekeycommodities,marketsandareastoclearupmajorcases.*同义词重复时，往往省译同义词贪官污吏---corruptofficials医德医风---medicalethics他在情况危急时，态度从容，镇定自若。Heshowedhimselfcalminanemergencysituation.省译没有实际意义的词语狠抓管理，安全生产。Improvingmanagementandensuringsafeproduction.艰苦奋斗的精神要贯彻始终。Wemustadheretotheprincipleofplainlivingandhardstruggle.词语的虚实转换实述虚化*意义聚合体词语的实述虚化*形象词语的实述虚化虚述实化*普通词语形象