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1高考英语阅读专题之主旨大意题关于主旨大意题的高考考试说明每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章第一个段落甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解到作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。一、主旨大意题的命题形式这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title,headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(mainidea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有：(1)Thesubjectofthepassage/paragraphis______.(2)Themainideaofthepassage/paragraphis______.(3)Thetextismainlyabout______.(4)Thepassagemainlycenterson______.(5)Thepassagemainlytellsabout______.(6)Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?(7)Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?(8)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(9)Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?(10)Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?(11)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?(12)Whichtitlebestgivestheideaofthepassage?(13)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?(14)Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?(15)Thebestheadlinesforthisnewspaperarticlewouldbe______(16)Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsistogiveinformationabout______.(17)Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthisstoryis______.(18)Whatistheauthor'smainpurpose?(19)Whatdoesthewriterreallywanttotellusinthispassage?(20)Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto______.(21)Whatistheadvicegiveninthetext/passage/article?二、寻找主题句的方法正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。那么，主题句通常在哪里呢？(1)主题句在文首；(2)主题句在文中；(3)主题句在文末；(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。（4）无明显主题句，需根据高频词或各段落主题句进行总结概括1.主题句在文首Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Themainideaoftheparagraphis________.22.主题句在文中Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.Whatdoesthisparagraphmainlytalkabout?3.主题句在文末Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?4.主题句首尾呼应Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthemainidea?A.Smokingcancausecancer.B.SmokingisaterriblekillerC.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.D.Anexperimentonsmoking5.无明显主题句根据高频词概括Everyonecanexperienceangersometimes.Butnoteveryonecancontrolitproperly.Tosomepeople,controllingangerseemslikethehardestthingintheworldtodo.Controlthesebytalkingtoyourselfinyourownmind,whenyouexperienceunwantedfeeling.Bytalkingitoverinyourownheadyoucanworkouthowyouwillbestdealwiththesituation.Angercontrolcanalsobeachievedbycommunicatingwithotherswithhonesty.Youcaneffectivelytrainyourselftorespondtosituationswithoutgettingannoyedaboutthings.Itisimportanttorememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangryandtherefore,controllingitistherealchallenge.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Noteveryonecancontrolanger.B.Howtocontrolanger.C.Communicatingwithothersishelpful.D.Controllingangerischallenging根据各段主题句概括Mother’sDaywascoming,amanstoppedataflowershoptoordersomeflowerstobewired(电邮给)tohismotherwholivedtwohundredmilesaway.3Ashegotoutofhiscar,henoticedayounggirlsobbing(啜泣).Heaskedherwhatwaswrongwithherandshereplied,“Iwantedtobuyaredroseformymother.ButIonlyhaveseventy-fivecents,andarosecoststwodollars.”Themansmiledandsaid,“Comeoninwithme.I’llbuyyouarose.”Aftertheywentin,heboughtaroseforthelittlegirlandorderedflowersforhisownmother.Astheywereleaving,heofferedtoridethegirlhome.Shesaid,“Yes,please!Butcanyoutakemetomymother?”“Toyourmother?”themanwasalittlepuzzledbutdidn’tsayanything.Shedirectedhimtoacemetery(公墓),wheresheplacedtheroseonafreshlyduggrave(新坟).Themanwasshockedandreturnedtotheflowershop,canceled(取消)thewireorder,pickedupabunchofflowersanddrovethetwohundredmilestohismother’shouse.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Movedbythegirl,themansenthismothertheflowershimselfonMother’sDay.B.Amanhelpedagirltobuyaflowerforhermother.C.Weshouldoftenhelpothers.D.Weshouldloveourmothers.小练习1.Smokinginindoorpublicplacesincludingpublicworkingplaces,publictransportvehiclesandsomeotherspecialoutdoorworkingplaceshasbeenbanned(禁止)inChinasinceJanuary2011.Shouldsmokingbebannedinpublicplaces?Ofcourse,itshouldbe.First,banningsmokingwillnotonlyhelpinsavingsmokersfromhealthproblemsanddiseases,butwillalsobegoodforpassivesmokers.Next,banningsmokingwillputstressonsmokerstogiveup.Sinceasmokerispreventedfromsmoking.Atlast,smokingcigarettesaddstothepollutionoftheair,soifitisbanned,itwillhelpinsavingtheenvironmentfromfurtherdeterioration(恶化).Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Smoki