高考英语阅读理解事实细节题的解题技巧

第二篇阅读第一节事实细节题的解题技巧1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTincluded/mentionedinthepassage?2．Whichofthefollowing(sentences/statements)isNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?3．Accordingtothepassage，allofthefollowingareTRUEexcept/but________．4．TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT________．一、常见的设问形式5．Inthepassage，theauthorstatesthat________．6．Accordingtothepassage，when(where，why，how，who，etc.)．..1．描写类细节题。2．数据计算题。3．排序题。4．信息寻找、广告阅读题。5．图文转换题。6．表格理解题。二、常见题型1．语意转换。细节理解题设题时为了避免出现原文中所用的词汇，常常使用一些同义词、近义词或反义词(双重否定)。因而在解题时要注意语意转换。2．设题顺序。一般来说，题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致，如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前。三、设题方式3．设题干扰项。(1)正误并存：部分正确，部分错误。(2)扩大或缩小范围：是原文信息，但不是题干要求。(3)偷换概念：符合常识，但不是文章的内容。(4)以偏概全：与原句的内容极其相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动。(5)无中生有：明显不是文章的信息，与文章事实不符或相反。1．迅速定位，缩小范围。通过寻读法(scanning)，用题干中的关键词在文中搜索，迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置，缩小阅读范围。2．理解其意，对照选项。在找到关键词句后，要仔细阅读，准确理解，对照选项，看哪个选项的意思与之最接近。3．排除干扰，选出答案。在作出选择的过程中，要善于辨别真伪，排除干扰，不断缩小范围，选出正确答案。四、解题步骤注意：解题时要留意否定词，如果题干中含有否定意义的词，如NOT，EXCEPT等，应特别留心。在解答排序题时，可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找到第一个动作和最后一个动作，缩小范围以便能迅速选出正确答案。例1TuitionFees(学费)Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment，generallyfrom$5，000to$6，000ayear.Forfurtherinformation：[e-mail](住宿)Youcanhavearoomina4bedroomflat，whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.Forfurtherinformation：[e-mail].五、典例精析Youhavetopayatleast________ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A．$5，250B．$8，000C．$9，000D．$11，000解析：数据计算题。本篇是介绍Waikato大学的广告。从“TuitionFees(学费)：Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment，generallyfrom$5，000to$6，000ayear.”和“Accommodation(住宿)：You答案：Bcanhavearoomina4bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.”可知，在那儿学习一年的费用是：$5，000(学费)＋$100(住宿费)×12(months)＋$150(生活费)×12(months)＝$8，000。例2Peoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists.Onceatthestore，ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem(系统)thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestore.Ifyou'relookingfortoothpicks，youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist，andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem.Thedevicesalsokeepsarecordofwhatyoubuy.Whenyou'vefinished，thedevicefiguresoutyourbill.Thenyougotothecheckerorplaceyourcardintoaselfcheckoutstandandpay.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcard?a．Startthesystem.b．Makeashoppinglist.c．Findthethingsyouwant.d．Gotoaselfcheckoutstand.A．abdcB．bacdC．acbdD．bcad解析：答案：B排序题。由第一段第一句话可知第一件事是makeashoppinglist。去到商店后“startthesystem”，根据指引“youcanfindthem”，最后去结账，故顺序为bacd。本题也可采用排除法，c和d是相邻且为先后的顺序，故排除A、C、D。本题还可结合自己的购物常识进行快速判断。例3Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIfeelsadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon'tgettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often，wetryeverypossiblewaytoavoidshowingourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.1．Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen________．A．theyoffertheirhelpB．theyreceiveothers'helpC．theyfeelothers'kindnessD．theyshowtheirweakness事实细节题。由第一段最后一句可知，关键是理清该句中的it，它指的是前文中的“thekindnessinpeople”，其具体行为是“peopleholddoorsforme，pourcreamintomycoffee，orhelpmetoputonmycoat”，人们的这些行为概括起来，就是theyoffertheirhelp，故选A。文中信息与选项表述的关系是具体与概括的关系。解析：答案：A2．Theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause________．A．hehasasoftheartB．hereliesmuchonothersC．somepeoplepretendtobekindD．somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers事实细节题。由第二段第一句but后的内容可知，D选项中用somepeople代替了文中“thosewhoappearindependent”，用failtosee代替了文中的miss。解析：答案：D3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto?A．Animalkingdom.B．Weakness.C．Aggressivebehavior.D．Kindness.意义猜测。it指代前面的thekindnessinpeople。解析：答案：D例4Inaworldwithlimitedland，waterandothernaturalresources(资源),theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually，thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandtheglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainableproducts.Inotherwords，weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.ThetraditionalbusinessmodelisharmfulbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPTthat________．A．itmakestheworldwarmerB．itconsumesnaturalresourcesC．itbringsseveredamagetoforestsD．itmakesgrowthhardtocontinue事实细节解。根据“thepastdecadeshasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandtheglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.”可知：传统经济发展模式的危害是使全球气候变暖、不能持续发展、给未来发展造成损失。B不选，过度使用自然资源才是有害的。解析：答案：B阅读下列文段，从题后所给的A、B、C、和D项中选出最佳选项。(一)Mothers，doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy'sbloodsugarlevellies.Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate,thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsleepisimpossible.Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.即学即练AccordingtotheP