搜索
ADisease-basedApproachtoMedicalEnglishForeignLanguageCollegeofGuangxiMedicalUniversityStress&ItsRelatedDiseaseKenDychtwaldLead-inProductiveReadingLanguageAcquisitionVideo-basedLearningText-basedWritingUnit1Lead-inWhatisstress?Whatcausesstress?Howdoesstressaffectyou?Whatwillhappenwhenwearestressed?Howtodealwithstress?Lead-inStressisyourbody'swayofrespondingtoanykindofdemand.Whenpeoplefeelstressedbysomethinggoodorbadgoingonaroundthem,theirbodiesreactbyreleasingchemicalsintotheblood.Thesechemicalsgivepeoplemoreenergyandstrength,whichcanbeagoodthingiftheirstressiscausedbyphysicaldanger.Butthiscanalsobeabadthing,iftheirstressisinresponsetosomethingemotionalandthereisnooutletforthisextraenergyandstrength.Lead-inYouwouldhavetofightanddefendyourselforrunasfastasyoucantoescapeandhaveapossibilityoffightinganotherday.It’sasurvivaloperationofthehumanbody.Itisdesignedtohelpussurvivedangerofanykind.Thebodyreactsautomatically，andtakescertainstepstomakesurethatwe’resafe.1.Whatisafightorflightmechanism2.Whatisitfor?3.Whathappenswhenourmindandbodyperceivethatwe’reindanger?4.Whatwouldyoudoasacavepersonwithatigeroutside?Lead-inTheycanshutdowntemporarilysothatwecanuseallourenergyforthedanger.Ourbreathingandheartrateincreasetosupplybloodformuscles.Ourmusclesgettensesothatwecanfightthebestwecan.Ourpupilsdilatesowecanseebetter.Oursenseswillhelpusfightthistiger,increaseandfunctionveryeffectivelytohelpussurvivethismovement.5.Whathappenswithinthebodyinthecaseofatiger?6.Howaboutourimmuneanddigestivesystem?7.Whatdoesallthisprepareustodo?Tomakesurethatwearesettofightorfleethedanger.Lead-inLead-inWhatcausesstress?•Survivalstressfightorflight•Internalstressworriedorconcerned•Environmentalstressnoise,crowding,andpressurefromworkorfamily.•Fatigue&overworkworkingtoomuchortoohardatyourjob(s),school,orhome.Lead-inWhatarethecommoncausesofstress?•Bereavement•Familyproblems•Financialmatters•Illness•Jobissues•Lackoftime•Movinghome•Relationships(includingdivorce)•Abortion•Becomingamotherorafather•Conflictsintheworkplace•Drivinginbadtraffic•Fearofcrime•Losingyourjob•Miscarriage•Noisyneighbors•Overcrowding•Pollution•Pregnancy•Retirement•ToomuchnoiseLead-inHowdoesstressaffectyou?Stresscanaffectbothyourbodyandyourmind.Peopleunderlargeamountsofstresscanbecometired,sick,andunabletoconcentrateorthinkclearly.Sometimes,theyevensuffermentalbreakdowns.Fewofuswoulddenythatwearesufferingfromstressrelatedheartdisease,immunedeficiency,memoryloss,orevenobesity.Ontheotherhand,stressispartoflife;itisnotnecessarilysomethingtobeavoidedinourlife.Lead-inSomeoftheeffectsofstressonyourbody,yourthoughtsandfeelings,andonyourbehavior:Effectonyourbody•Atendencytosweat•Backpain•Chestpain•Crampsormusclespasms•Erectiledysfunction•Faintingspells•Headache•Heartdisease•Hypertension(highbloodpressure)•Lossoflibido•Lowerimmunityagainstdiseases•Muscularaches•Nailbiting•Nervoustwitches•Pinsandneedles•Sleepingdifficulties•StomachupsetLead-in•Anger•Anxiety•Burnout•Depression•Feelingofinsecurity•Forgetfulness•Irritability•Problemconcentrating•Restlessness•Sadness•FatigueEffectonyourthoughtsandfeelingsEffectonyourbehavior•Eatingtoomuch•Eatingtoolittle•Foodcravings•Suddenangryoutbursts•Drugabuse•Alcoholabuse•Highertobaccoconsumption•Socialwithdrawal•Frequentcrying•RelationshipproblemsLead-inWhatwillhappenwhenwearestressed?•Bloodpressurerises•Breathingbecomesmorerapid•Digestivesystemslowsdown•Heartrate(pulse)rises•Immunesystemgoesdown•Musclesbecometense•Wedonotsleep(heightenedstateofalertness)Lead-inDiagnosisofstress•Agoodprimarycarephysician(GP-GeneralPractitioner)shouldbeabletodiagnosestressbasedonthepatient'ssymptomsalone.Somedoctorsmaywishtorunsometests,suchasabloodorurine,orahealthassessment.•Thediagnosisofstressdependsonmanyfactorsandiscomplex,sayexperts.Awiderangeofapproachestostressdiagnosishavebeenusedbyhealthcareprofessionals,suchastheuseofquestionnaires,biochemicalmeasures,andphysiologicaltechniques.Expertsaddthatthemajorityofthesemethodsaresubjecttoexperimentalerrorandshouldbeviewedwithcaution.•Themostpracticablewaytodiagnosestressanditseffectsonapersonisthroughacomprehensive,stress-oriented,face-to-faceinterview.Howtodealwithstress?Therearethreebroadmethodsyoucanfollowtotreatstress,theyincludeself-help,selfmanagement,andmedication.•Exercise•Divisionoflabor•Assertiveness•Alcoholanddrugs•Caffeine•Nutrition•Time•Breathing•Talk•Seekprofessionalhelp•RelaxationtechniquesSelfhelpfortreatingstressLead-inStressmanagementtechniquesStressmanagementcanhelpyoutoeitherremoveorchangethesourceofstress,alterthewayyouviewastressfulevent,lowertheimpactthatstressmighthaveonyourbody,andteachyoualternativewaysofcoping.Stressmanagementtherapywillhavetheobjectiveofpursuingoneormoreoftheseapproaches.MedicinesDoctorswillnotusuallyprescribemedicationsforcopingwithstress,unlessthepatienthasanunderlyingillness,suchasdepressionorsometypeofanxiety.Ifthatisthecase,thedoctorisactuallytreatingamentalillness.Insuchcases,anantidepressantmaybeprescribed.Bearinmindthatthereisariskthatallthemedicationwilldoismaskthes