高二英语虚拟语气解析

英语中的三种语气1.Heisacleverboy.2.welikewatchingTV.3.Passmeacupoftea.4.Pleasefinishyourhomeworkontime.5.IfIwereabird,Icouldfly.6.IfIwereyou.Iwouldstudyhard.总结•英语中的三种语气：1.陈述语气2.祈使语气3.虚拟语气What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwosentences?IfIamfree,Iwillvisityou.(真实条件句)IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.(虚拟条件句)真实条件句和非真实条件句一、真实条件句:表示现实情况中可能实现的情况，采用陈述语气。二、非真实条件句：非真实条件句也叫虚拟条件句，假设不可能或不大可能发生或实现的情况。主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚拟语气。•虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，•一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设，猜测，怀疑等（常用在条件状语从句和让步状语从句中）•一是表示说话人的愿望，要求，命令，建议等（常用在名词性从句中）•简言之：即不是事实或不大可能实现的事情，就用虚拟语气来表达•1.if引导的虚拟条件句•2.名词性从句•3.固定句式•4.情态动词表虚拟•5.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设,该语法主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。if条件状语从句中通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。虚拟语气条件从句条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与过去相反IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+had+过去分词主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词例：IfIhadcomehereyesterday,Iwouldhaveseenhim.如果我昨天来，就会看见他了。Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。与过去相反Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycouldhavedoneiteasilythatday.1.如果他们以前努力学习的话，那天干的就会容易些。2.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn‘thavedoneitmuchbetterlikethis.3.如果他早点起床，他就能赶上火车。IfI____________timelastnight,I_____________toseethefilmwithyou.hadhadwouldhavegoneIfhemorecarefully,hethecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfIhowtoswim,Itrappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeen条件从句条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与现在相反IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+动词过去式should/would/could/might+动词原形例：IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.werewouldbe与现在相反Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.Ifitwerefinenow,Iwouldgoshopping.IfI____ateacher,I….were条件从句条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与将来相反IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+动词过去式IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+should+动词原形IfI(you,he/she,they,we)+wereto+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形1.Iftheteacheraskedmetosolvetheproblemnexttime,Icouldtrymybest.2.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.3.Ifweweretopanic,wewouldnotbeabletohelp.与将来相反如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime注意以下问题：1.错综时间虚拟条件句2.（if省略）倒装虚拟条件句3.含蓄条件句1.错综时间虚拟条件句即:if条件虚拟句的时间与主句不一致1）.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishyourhomeworknow.(从句说明过去，主句说明现在。2).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(从句说明现在，主句说明过去。)主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句.例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.（if省略）倒装虚拟条件句2.在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were,had(助动词)或should时，可使用倒装结构，但If必须省略，且把were,had,should置于句首。1).HadIseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.=IfIhadseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.2).ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIshouldhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.3).WereInotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIwerenotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou..3.一些介词短语,如:butfor(要不是),without,with,otherwise(否则),连词or,but等表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气Withoutyourhelp,wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress.Butformybrother'shelp,Iwouldnothavefinisheditontime.Ihadtodosth.moreimportant,otherwiseImighthavehelped.虚拟语气几个特例Homework1.Makesentenceswithsubjunctivemood“if…”2.RecitethewordsinUnit2.wishInSubjunctivemood虚拟语气的特殊用法：1IwishIwereastallasyou.IwishIwereabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.Iwish/wishedIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.wish+did(与事实相反的情况,)+haddone(与过去事实相反)+would/could/might+do(将来不大可能实现的愿望)另外DemandSuggestOrderProposeRequestCommandInsist…etc+(should)do表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等2asif/asthoughdid与现在事实相反的haddone与过去事实相反或想象的事物Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)HetalksaboutRomeasthoughhehadbeentherehimself.主语从句中的虚拟语气在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形[例句]1.It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。2.It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。3.It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。3虚拟语气几个特例1.ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊;真希望...;只要,只要...就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.2.It’s(high/right)timethat…that从句要用虚拟语气：过去时或should+doIt’stimethatyouleft/shouldleavehere.•Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.•A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissed•C.wouldmissD.missed•2.—Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.•—Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe________thatdrug.•A.nottakeB.shouldn’thavetaken•C.didn’ttakeD.hadn’ttakenExercises√√3.Simonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget4.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe___there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been√√5.–HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?--No,butIwishI___.A.haveB.willC.doD.had6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿＿.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken√√•7.(2002上海高考题)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI________inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.•A.wouldn’thavefa