(13)Unit 7《信息管理与信息系统专业英语》information technology

《信息管理与信息系统专业英语》Unit7—InformationTechnology《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnologyInthislesson,wecoverthefollowingarea:TheintroductionofrelatedfundamentalknowledgeofDBMSReadingDBMS&MISRelationalModelPhysicaldatabasedesign《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology词汇1.Datadictionary/datawarehouse/dataredundancy/datamining/datasecurity/dataintegrity/databackup/datarecovery/datamodeling/datamodel2.Entity/EntityRelationship/entityidentification3.Attribute/multi-valuedattribute/single-valuedattribute/derivedattribute/attributeinheritance/attributevalue/simpleattribute/compositeattribute4.Conceptualmethodology/physicalmethodology/logicmethodology《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology词汇5.primarykey/foreignkey/compositekey/candidatekey6.Normalform(范式)7.InformationRetrieval(IR)（信息检索）8.Bottom-upapproach/top-downapproach9.Concurrencycontrol/accesscontrol10.Fact-finding《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology词汇11.Privilege12.Subclass/super-class13.Updateanomalies14.UML(unifiedmodellanguage)15.Referentialintegrity16.Tuple(record)17.Integrityconstraints《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology词汇18.Indexcard19.RelationalDatabaseManagementSystem(RDBMS)20.Bottle-neck21.Deadlock22.Databasearchitecture23.Queryprocessing24.Securitymechanisms《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology--DBMS&MIS(重点和难点)There’snothingnewaboutdatabases—earlyones(database)werechiseled(刻在)instone,pennedonscrolls,andwrittenonindexcards(索引卡).（p167）早期的数据库是把数据刻在石头上，写在卷轴上和索引卡上。而现在的数据库与它没有什么两样。You’llseeinthefollowingpagesthatcomplexdatarelationshipsandlinkagesmaybefoundinallbutthesimplestdatabases.在接下来的几页里面，您将会发现，除了最简单的数据库之外，其它的数据库中都可以找到复杂的数据关系和链接。《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology--DBMS&MIS(重点和难点)Inafile-orientedsystem,usersneedingspecialinformationmaycommunicatetheirneedstoaprogrammer,who,whentimepermits,willwriteoneormoreprogramstoextractthedataandpreparetheinformation.在面向文件的系统中，在时间许可的条件下，需要具体特殊信息的用户可以就他们的需求与程序员进行沟通，让他们写一个或多个程序来提取自己所需的数据和信息。《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology--DBMS&MIS(重点和难点)Forourpurposes，anMIScanbedefinedasanetworkofcomputer-baseddataprocessingproceduresdevelopedinanorganizationandintegratedasnecessarywithmanualandotherproceduresforthepurposeofprovidingtimelyandeffectiveinformationtosupportdecisionmakingandothernecessarymanagementfunctions．从我们的意向上来讲，更倾向于把一个管理信息系统定义成组织机构中开发的基于计算机网络的数据处理程序。它集成了如何实时提供有效信息所必需的操作手册和流程，而这些有效信息正是支持决策制定和其它必需的管理功能所需要的。《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology--DBMS&MIS(重点和难点)Theeconomistmaystudyhowtheeconomyofacountrywillbehave,givencertainconditions,byconstructionasystemofdefinitionsandformulasthatmodelthebehavioroftheeconomy.在给定的一定条件下，通过系统地定义和构建的公式对经济行为建模，经济学家可以研究一个国家的经济是如何运转的。Theaccuracyandreliabilitywithwhichatheoreticalmodelmimicsthepropertiesandbehaviorofwhat/whichitattemptstomodel/dependontheassumptionsbuiltintothemodel.采用模拟经济行为和属性的理论模型，而所获得的结果的准确度和可靠性是要依赖于模型中构建进去的假设。《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology--DBMS&MISYouknowthatadatabaseisacollectionoflogicallyrelateddataelementsthatmaybestructuredinvariouswaystomeetthemultipleprocessingandretrieval(检索)needsoforganizationsandindividuals.There’snothingnewaboutdatabases—earlyones(database)werechiseled(刻在)instone,pennedonscrolls,andwrittenonindexcards(索引卡).Butnowdatabasesarecommonlyrecordedonmagnetized*media,andprogramsarerequiredtoperformthenecessarystorageandretrievaloperations.《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology--DBMS&MISYou’llseeinthefollowingpagesthatcomplexdatarelationshipsandlinkagesmaybefoundinallbut(except)thesimplestdatabases.Thesystemsoftwarepackagethathandles(dealwith)thedifficulttasksassociatedwithcreating,accessing,andmaintainingdatabaserecordsiscalledadatabasemanagementsystem(DBMS).TheprogramsinDBMSpackageestablishaninterfacebetweenthedatabaseitselfandtheusersofthedatabase.(Theseusersmaybeapplicationsprogrammers,managersandotherswithinformationneedsandvariousOSprograms.)《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology--DBMS&MISADBMScanorganize,process,andpresent(show)selecteddataelementsfromthedatabase.Thiscapabilityenablesdecisionmakerstosearch,probe*,andquerydatabasecontentsinordertoextractanswerstononrecurring（nohappenorappearagain）andunplannedquestionsthataren’tavailableinregularreports.Thesequestionsmightinitiallybevague(不清楚)andpoorlydefined,butpeoplecan“browse”throughthedatabaseuntiltheyhavetheneededinformation.《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology--DBMS&MISInshort,theDBMSwill“manage”thestoreddataitemsandassembletheneededitemsfromthecommondatabaseinresponsetothequeriesofthosewhoaren’tprogrammers.Inafile-orientedsystem,usersneedingspecialinformationmaycommunicatetheirneedstoaprogrammer,who,whentimepermits,willwriteoneormoreprogramstoextractthedataandpreparetheinformation.TheavailabilityofaDBMS,however,offersusersamuchfasteralternativecommunicationspath.《SQLServer数据库管理与开发》安徽财贸职业学院计算机系InformationTechnology--DBMS&MISThemanagementinformationsystem（MIS）conce