澳门博彩业早期的合同罚则

01810198018826618101184621621847718487318511863418826622256187868,086100,0007187863,53281878187991880188091101882661234111887331JournalofMacaoPolytechnicInstitute2006No.42006412345612187818791314188266123151617188266123456718JournalofMacaoPolytechnicInstitute2006No.420064190518821231918809201882661221188742219002319041909190444190435247925190631026514JournalofMacaoPolytechnicInstitute2006No.4200642728188266123293019101011233132188266331882JournalofMacaoPolytechnicInstitute2006No.4200641J.J.Silva.(1904).RepertorioAlphabeticoechronologicoIndiceRemissivodaLegislacaoUltramarina,“Loterias”,p.183.Lisboa:TYP.J.F.Pinhero.2BoletimOfficialdoGovernodeProvinciadeMacaueTimor1888-3-15NO-11,p.100:ReceitadoanoEconomicode1887-1888.(h)EstabelecidapelogovernadorarequerimentodoschinasemJaneriode1847.(i)AsLicençasparaasjogo(Fantan)ForamestabelecidasemAbrilde1849emvirtudedaportariade16deFevereirode1846.318481849BoletimOfficial,doGovernodeProvinciadeMacaueTimor1888-3-15NO-11,p.100:ReceitadoannoEconomicode1887-1888.4112567174-17619928BoletimdeProvincia:RecenseamentoGeraldaPopulaçãoChinezadeMacau,TaipaeColowane.9BoletimProvinciadeMacaueTimor(5Julho1879):MappadosRendimentosdetodesosexclusivosecontratosderendasdoestadoemMacaunosannoabaixomencionados–JuntadeFazendaPublicadaProvinciadeMacaueTimor.10188091111882662221218873311313BoletimProvinciadeMacaueTimor(5Julho1879):MappadosRendimentosdetodesosexclusivosecontratosderendasdoestadoemMacaunosannoabaixomencionados–JuntadeFazendaPublicadaProvinciadeMacaueTimor.144232002515188266222165271974217400181882662221919051125472018809127120012118826622222188742817188751188843023672338199562419043510(OlympioJoaquimdeOliveira)2519047928(OlympioJoaquimdeOliveira)2619063101027190641415281906616242930Reis1Reis1.57413119101013219101013331200512PenaltyClausesinEarlyGamingContractsofMacaoWuKanAbstract:AlegalframeworkforthegamingindustryinMacaowasfirstintroducedin1810.BettingandgamblingbusinessessuchastheLoteriaChamadaVaeSeng(WeiXinglottery),FanTanandLoteriadeChina(Pigeonlotterytickets)graduallybecamemajorsourcesofrevenueforthegovernment.Thelocaleconomygrewincreasinglydependentonthegamingindustry.Whileprofitable,thissectorinvolvedrelativelyhighrisk.Inthe1980s,andaftermorethan30yearsexaminingtheissue,thePortugueseGovernmentinMacaodevelopedacontractingsystemconsideredtobeeffectiveinshiftingtherisktothegamingbusinessoperators.Stipulatingpen-altyclausesinthegamingcontractswasoneofthemeasuresimplementedtoensurethatthesecontractswouldbenefitgovernmentrevenue.TheGovernmentGazetteofMacaupublishedon6June1882carriedacontractprohibitionclauseandapunishmentandpenaltyclausedrawnupbythePublicAssetCommittee.ThishistoricaldocumentshedslightonhowtheMacaoGovernmentboundgamingbusinessestofulfilltheircontractualobligations.HereinwemayexploretheearlydevelopmentpatternoftheMacaogamingindustry.KeyWords:Macao,Gamingindustry,Earlycontracts,Penaltyclause