雅思阅读LOH

LISTOFHEADINGIELTSTESTREADING题型特点1.题目出现在文章前面2.例子中已选过的段落可删除3.一个段落只能拥有一个段意4.错一个段落，容易有连带性解题关键第一步找出选项中的关键词（KW）查看讲义P11解题关键第二步阅读文章段落中的首一、二和末句非规则段落1、转折句型转折关系具有两层含义：一是前后方向相反，二是转折后面的内容重要。表示转折关系的词有以下这些：but/however/yet（表示“但是，然而”）；although/though/eventhough/evenif/while/despite（表示“虽然，尽管，即使”）2、定义句型定义句型的标志是“This…is…”，“These…are…”或者“X…is…”。也就是说，这样的句型所起的作用是对某种事物的高度概括总结，因此就是主旨所在。3、结论句型当段落末句出现“thus,hence,therefore,so,consequently”等表示“因此、所以”的关系词时，表示作者要得出结论，因此就是主旨所在。解题关键第三步将文章主题句关键词与heading中的关键词对应同义词，词性变化，高频词真题训练1SectionATheproblemofhowhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,sothattheyaredistributedinboththemostjustandmostefficientway,isnotanewone.EveryhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecideSectionCHowever,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealisationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.SectionDAlthoughthelanguageof‘rights'sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognisedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealth-careresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.SectionEJustatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries…真题训练2AThefertilelandoftheNiledeltaisbeingerodedalongEgypt'sMediterraneancoastatanastoundingrate,insomepartsestimatedat100metresperyear.Inthepast,landscouredawayfromthecoastlinebythecurrentsoftheMediterraneanSeausedtobereplacedbysedimentbroughtdowntothedeltabytheRiverNile,butthisisnolongerhappening.BUptonow,peoplehaveblamedthislossofdeltalandonthetwolargedamsatAswaninthesouthoFEgypt,whichholdbackvirtuallyallofthesedimentthatusedtoflowdowntheriver.Beforethedamswerebuilt,theNileflowedFreely,carryinghugequantitiesofsedimentnorthFromAfrica'sinteriortobedepositedontheNiledelta.CNow,however,thereturnsouttobemoretothestory.Itappearsthatthesediment-FreewateremergingfromtheAswandamspicksupsiltandsandasiterodestheriverbedandbanksonthe800-kilometretriptoCairo.DanielJeanStanleyoftheSmithsonianInstitutenoticedthatwatersamplestakeninCairo,justbeforetheriverentersthedelta,indicatedthattheriversometimescarriesmorethan850gramsofsedimentpercubicmetreofwater-almosthalfofwhatitcarriedbeforethedamswerebuilt.DOncenorthofCairo,mostoftheNilewaterisdivertedintomorethan10,000kilometresofirrigationcanalsandonlyasmallproportionreachestheseadirectlythroughtheriversinthedelta.Thewaterintheirrigationcanalsisstillorveryslow-movingandthuscannotcarrysediment,EThefarmsonthedeltaplainsandFishingandaquacultureinthelagoonsaccountformuchofEgypt'sfoodsupply.ButbythetimethesedimenthascometorestintheFieldsandlagoonsitisladenwithmunicipal,industrialandagriculturalwastefromtheCairoregion,whichishometomorethan40millionpeople.'PollutantsarebuildingupfasterandFaster,'FAccordingtoSiegel,internationalenvironmentalorganizationarebeginningtopaycloserattentiontotheregion,partlybecauseoftheproblemsoferosionandpollutionoftheNiledelta,butprincipallybecausetheyFeartheimpactthissituationcouldhaveonthewholeMediterraneancoastalecosystem.Buttherearenoeasysolutions.真题训练3：i.Notalldoctorsarepersuadedii.Choosingthebestoffersiii.Whoisresponsiblefortheincreaseinpromotions?iv.Fightingthedrugcompaniesv.Anexampleofwhatdoctorsexpectfromdrugcompaniesvi.Giftsincludefinancialincentivesvii.Researchshowsthatpromotionworksviii.Thehighcostsofresearchix.Thepositivesideofdrugspromotionx.Whoreallypaysfordoctors’freegifts?A:AfewmonthsagoKimSchaefer,salesrepresentativeofamajorglobalpharmaceuticalcompany,walkedintoamedicalcenterinNewYorktobringinformationandfreesamplesofhercompany'slatestproducts.Thatdayshewaslucky-adoctorwasavailabletoseeher.‘ThelastrepofferedmeatriptoFlorida.Whatdoyouhave?'thephysicianasked.Hewasonlyhalfjoking.B:WhatwasonofferthatdaywasapairofticketsforaNewYorkmusical.Butonanygivenday,whatSchaefercanofferistypicalfortoday'sdrugsrep-acartrunkfullofpromotionalgiftsandgadgets,abudgetthatcouldbuylunchesanddinnersforasmallcountry,C:Sellingpharmaceuticalsisadailyexerciseinethicaljudgement.SalespeoplelikeSchaeferwalkthelinebetweenthecommonpracticeofbuyingaprospect‘stimewithafreemeal,andbribingdoctorstoprescribetheirdrugs.…….Orisittheindustry’sresponsibilitytodecidetheboundaries?D:Theexplosioninthesheernumberofsalespeopleinthefield-andtheamountoff