老鼠控制方案

AnimalHealthSector啮齿类动物(老鼠)控制方案RodentControlProgramAnimalHealthSector关于啮齿类动物AboutRodents•哺乳动物中最大的‘目’(40%)Largestorderofmammals(40%)•在36‘科’中有1,700‘种’1,700speciesin35families•啮齿咬,噬RodentGnawAnimalHealthSector啮齿类动物:从它们的栖息地来鉴定Rodent:IdentifybyHabitat•田鼠FieldRat稻田,花园Ricefield,Garden•商业性老鼠CommensalRat仓库Warehouse储存室Store房屋House办公室OfficestationAnimalHealthSector大害鼠GreatBandicoot小害鼠LesserBandicoot东南亚啮齿动物RodentinSouthEastAsiaAnimalHealthSector大田鼠GreaterRice-fieldRat小田鼠LesserRice-fieldRat东南亚啮齿动物RodentinSouthEastAsiaAnimalHealthSector琉球鼠RyukyuMouse东南亚啮齿动物RodentinSouthEastAsia黄褐鼠FawnColoredMouseAnimalHealthSector挪威鼠NorwayRat东南亚啮齿动物RodentinSouthEastAsia屋顶鼠RoofRatAnimalHealthSector保加利亚鼠PolynesianRat家鼠HouseMouse东南亚啮齿动物RodentinSouthEastAsiaAnimalHealthSector啮齿动物资料InformationaboutRodent•哺乳类Mammalia•4只切齿(上面/下面各2只)能增加至6-9寸长4Incisors(upper2/Lower2)Increase6-9inchs•无犬齿,无前磨牙Nocanine&Nopre-molar•身体有毛Haircoverthebody•尾及足无毛Hairlesstailandfoots.AnimalHealthSector啮齿动物资料InformationaboutRodent•后肢比前肢长Hindlimblongerthanforelimb•嗅觉好Goodsmellingorgan(nose)•听觉好Goodhearingorgan(ears)•色盲ColorBlindness•味觉发达Highperformancetastebuds•能游泳和潜水AbletoswimanddiveAnimalHealthSector啮齿动物资料InformationaboutRodent•恐惧症及多疑Neophobiaandsuspicious•1-2年寿命Lifespan1-2years•可回忆3-6个月的事情Termofmemory3-6months•能在恶劣环境中生存Surviveinbadcondition.–高可35度Temp.35C–低可15度Temp.-15CAnimalHealthSector啮齿动物资料InformationaboutRodent•跳高能手GoodJumper高度达0.5米以上High0.5m.跳远达1.5米以上Far1.5m.•群居性动物Peakorder/SocialAnimalAnimalHealthSector啮齿的优点StrengthofRodentsIncisors•钻石Diamond=10Mohsscale•铁Iron=5Mohsscale•啮齿动物的切齿RodentIncisor=5.5Mohsscale•锌Zinc=2.5Mohsscale•铅Lead=1.5MohsscaleAnimalHealthSector繁殖Reproduction•每年4-5胎/每胎4-10只4-5Littersperyear/4-10perlitter•性成熟2个月Sexualmaturity2months•排卵期(每5天)Estrouscycleevery5days.•怀孕期20-25天Gestationperiod20-25days.•一对成年老鼠,每年可产1250只小鼠1couple1,250rats/yearAnimalHealthSector繁殖周期Reproductivecycle性成熟雄雌交配受孕怀孕21天出生21天断奶6周21天AnimalHealthSector饮食行为FeedingBehaviour•体重10%Feedconsumption10%ofbodyweigh•夜行动物NocturnalAnimal•年龄4-5周自行采食Age4-5week์SelfFeeding–害鼠Bandicota์采食范围Feedingarea100m.–田鼠FieldRat采食范围Feedingarea50m.–家鼠HouseMouse采食范围Feedingarea3-9m.AnimalHealthSector栖息地Habitat•通常栖息于能保暖及防湿的建筑物内Usuallylivesinbuildingandstructureswhichprotectitfromcoldandwet•3种基本因素决定其生存能力:水,食物和适当的庇护所3essentialsforsurvivalarefood,waterandsuitableharborage厨房餐厅吊顶厕所红色划线部分为可寄居地AnimalHealthSector鼠可能的潜入途径Potentialroutesandsitesofrodententry:沿着电缆及电线墙的裂缝开着的窗树枝破的玻璃窗阴沟及下水道AnimalHealthSector老鼠带来的问题Theproblemscausebyrodents•消耗食物Directconsumptionoffood.•污染及破坏食物Foodcontaminationanddamage.•破坏建筑物Structuraldamage.•传染疾病Diseasetransmission.•产生大批老鼠Sourceofreinfestationofadjoiningareas.•用于杀鼠的费用Costassociatedwithcontroloperations.AnimalHealthSector对人类的影响Impactonhuman人兽共患病Zoonoses•沙门氏菌Salmonellosis•脉络后脑膜炎Lymphocyticchoriomeningitis污染人类及动物食品Consumptionandcontaminationofhumanandanimalfood•每夜有50-60颗粪便50-60droppingspernight•排尿频繁(大约每年6公升)urinatefrequently(about6litter/year)建筑物的破坏Structuraldamage•坚固的牙齿造成大量的维修费甚至火警veryhardincisorscausingcostlyrepairsandevenfires恐惧症Phobias•遭受压力和疾病extremelydistastefulandsufferfromstressandillnessesAnimalHealthSector老鼠密度增加过程PopulationDynamicsProcesses密度Populationsize移居它处Emigrants移居此处Immigrants出生Births死亡DeathsAnimalHealthSector控制老鼠的方法MethodsofControllingRodents1.天敌Natural-食肉动物(例如:鸟,猫,狗,猫尾鼠)-predators(e.g.birds,cats,dogs,mongoose)2.文化Cultural-打猎/捕捉hunting/trapping-洪水/挖掘flooding/diggingout-栖息地的环境清洁habitatmanipulation(e.g.sanitation)3.机械性Mechanical-用围栏physicalbarriers(e.g.ratguards)-电磁/超声波/紫外线Electromagnetics/ultrasonics/UVlight4.生物性Biological-疾病,寄生虫diseases,parasites(e.g.myxomatosis)5.化学性Chemical-吸引剂/驱逐剂attractants/repellents-化学绝育剂chemosterilants-毒药poisons(e.g.fumigants,anticoagulants)AnimalHealthSector老鼠的控制---非化学性和非致死化学剂RodentControl---Non-Chemical&Non-LethalChemical增加老鼠死亡率IncreasePestDeathRate•捕捉和猎杀TrappingandHunting•生物控制Biologicalcontrol寄生虫及疾病ParasitesandDiseases肝毛细线虫Capillariahepatica黏液疫病毒Myxomavirus食肉动物蛇,猫鼠,猫控制法PredatorsSnake,Mongoose,CatAnimalHealthSector老鼠的控制---非化学性和非致死化学剂RodentControl---Non-Chemical&Non-LethalChemical降低老鼠出生率ReducePestBirthRate•清理老鼠的栖息地Removalofnestingopportunities.•分裂其繁殖能力Disruptionofreproductivebehavior.•雄性特殊气味,导致雌鼠流产OdorofstrangemaleDisruptfemalereproductionAbortion•繁殖抑制法ReproductiveinhibitorsAlphachlorohydrin•生物绝育法肝毛细线虫Biologicalsterilants.CapillariahepaticaAnimalHealthSector天敌NaturalPredatorsAnimalHealthSector老鼠的控制---非化学性和非致死化学剂RodentControl---Non-Chemical&Non-LethalChemical防止移居及孤立ImmigrationReductionandExclusion•围捕法Barriermethods•电围栏Electricfences•超声波及电磁波Ultrasound&electromagneticdevices•化学驱逐剂ChemicalrepellentsAnimalHealthSector老鼠的控制---非化学性和非致死化学剂RodentControl---Non-Chemical&Non-LethalChemical移居他处Emigration•寻找食物Tofindfood•寻找配偶Tofindamateorplacetoreproduce•逃避敌人Toavoidnaturalenemies•寻找更舒适的地方TofindmorecomfortableenvironmentAnimalHealthSector理想的杀鼠药AnidealRodenticide•少量毒性药Toxicinsmallamount•只对老鼠有毒Toxiconlytorodent•适口性好Goodpalatabilityforrodent•产生作用慢Slowacting•对不同年龄,性别,种类的老鼠作用相同Nodifferencewithage,sex,species•不会产生二次中毒Nohazardofsecondarypoisoning.•对非靶动物安全Minimalhazardtonon-targets