布鲁菌属

第二十四章布鲁菌属（Brucella）分类羊布鲁菌（B.melitensis又称马尔他布鲁菌）牛布鲁菌（B.abortus又称流产布鲁菌）猪布鲁菌（B.svis）绵羊布鲁菌(B.ouis)狗布鲁菌(B.canis)森林鼠布鲁菌（B.neotomaes）微生物特性革兰阴性短小球杆菌，两端钝园，偶见两极浓染，无动力、无芽胞、无荚膜抗原：A抗原、M抗原马尔他布鲁菌革兰染色羊—1:20牛—20:1猪—2:1A:M需氧菌营养要求较高需5%~10%的CO2培养基：硫胺、烟酸、生物素等物质生长温度为35℃最适pH6.7生长缓慢（5~7天）培养特性:马尔他布鲁菌血平板菌落临床意义传染源：病兽，以羊、牛、猪多见传播途径：病兽的组织、尿、乳液、等通过人体的皮肤、呼吸道、消化道进入人体易感人群：发病以青壮年为主，从事兽医、皮毛加工、屠宰的工人发病率较高潜伏期：5~21日，亦可高达数月临床表现：症状：长期发热，多汗，关节疼痛及全身乏力，疼痛病理：菌在淋巴结、脾、骨髓等处繁殖，并多次入血引起菌血症及网状内皮系统上皮样增生，形成肉芽肿。致病性：不产生外毒素，有较强的内毒素可产生透明质酸酶和过氧化氢酶侵袭力较强迟发性超敏反应B.abortus•SourcesofHumanInfection:Rawmilkandproducts/Directcontact•Portalofentry:oralmucosa,nasopharynxandconjunctivae,genitalthenXinregionallymphnodeandspreadtoRES(nodesofudder,uterus,erythritol...).Placentitiswithendometritis.Fetusdiewithedema/congestionoflung,dissimenatedhemorrhagesofepicardiumandspleniccapsule.Bacteriainlunganddigestivetractofthefetus.B.abortus•Bacteriaisexcretedingenitalsecretions(includingsemen),milk,colostrum.•Survivaltime:Cheeseat4oC:180days!!!Waterat25oC:50daysMeatandsaltedmeat:65daysManureat12oC:250days!!!!•Widespread:Cattle,Bison,Elk,Deer,Moose,Horse,Sheep,Goat,Swine,Donkey,Dogs,Birds,Hares,Fox,Rats,mice,CamelsandHuman.B.melitensis•Goat(1886),Sheep,Cow(1905inMalta),Swine,Hares,Camels,Buffalo,Impala.B.suis•Wildpigs,Rats,Swine.•Abortion,metritis,bursitis,spondylitis(Lumbarandsacral),arthritis,orchitis,paralysis.Brucellacanis•BrucellacaniswasfirstdescribedasacauseofabortioninbeaglesintheUSA•Itwassubsequentlyshowntoinfectdogsinmanyothercountries,irrespectiveofbreed•AnoccasionalcauseofbrucellosisinhumansSpreadofBrucellainthebodyBrucellosisCyprusfever/Gibraltarfever/Maltafever/Rockfever/UndulantfeverUndulantfever39.537.0•Mostaffectedpersonsrecoverentirelywithin3to12months•Somewilldevelopcomplications–involvementofvariousorgans,–afewmayenteranill-definedchronicsyndrome.LARGEJOINTSSPONDYLITIS脊椎炎SACROILIITIS骶髂关节炎微生物检验检验程序标本采集标本直接检查分离培养与鉴定标本直接检验凝集反应：玻片凝集或试管凝集法PCR检测：抗体检测：布鲁氏菌的生化特性菌种触酶氧化酶糖分解精氨酸脱羧硝酸盐还原尿素酶H2S产生染料的耐受葡萄糖半乳糖阿拉伯糖硫廑(40μg)复红(20μg)羊布鲁菌+++---+V-++牛布鲁菌+++++-+++-+猪布鲁菌++++++++(-)+-森林鼠布鲁菌+-+++-+++--绵羊布鲁菌+--------+(-)犬布鲁菌+++--+++-+-注：V不定;(-)大部分菌株阴性