测井资料及应用-1

ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006测井资料及其应用(1)长城钻探解释研究中心2009.9ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006测井---地质家的”眼睛”•多种测井方法---信息丰富,便于综合分析•纵向分辨率高---有效储层可划分到0.4m(高分辨率的可达到0.2m•可快速,连续测量---信息采集方便•许多项目可在裸眼及套管井中测量---可实行动态跟踪监测•横向对比分辨率及精度高---地层对比,构造及沉积相分析测井技术的局限性:不确定性;多解性ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,20061、测井资料的分类随着测井技术的发展，测井新技术、新方法的不断出现，测井资料日趋丰富。人们采用了各种方法对测井资料进行了分类，以便于应用。●按测量原理分类：电法测井、声测井、放射性测井、核磁测井等；●按井别分类：探井、评价井、开发井等测井系列；●按井眼状况分类：裸眼井测井、套管井测井；●按用途分类：常规测井、特殊测井。ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,20062.常规测井系列“三孔隙度,三电阻率”测井系列----最常用,有效的测井系列•“三孔隙度”---补偿中子,补偿密度,声波时差•“三电阻率”---深探测电阻率,中(浅)探测电阻率,微聚焦(冲洗带)电阻率•自然伽玛---岩性识别(指标)曲线•自然电位---渗透率指示曲线•井径---井身状况(质量)ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006“三孔隙度,三电阻率”测井系列曲线图ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,20062.1自然伽玛GR(GammaRayLog)ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006测量原理•测量地层中天然放射性物质所放射出的伽玛射线•通常泥岩中沉积有较多的放射性物质•GR是很好的泥质指示曲线•当地层中含有某种高GR射线的放射性矿物,如铀矿时,GR不能用作泥质指示曲线ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006不同岩性中的GR记量纯砂岩泥质砂岩泥岩灰岩白云岩煤硬石膏火山岩20-30API30-50API70API15-20API16-20API15-15API10API130APIChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006GRABCGRA纯砂岩GR≈35-50B泥质砂岩GR≈70-90C泥岩GR≈90-120厚砂层上部纯砂岩GR≈33底部泥质砂岩GR≈65GR30130ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006CaAA:钙质夹层---GR比砂岩低煤质夹层---GR比砂岩低ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006灰岩GR非常低,GR10APIChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006GR能谱*GR包含三种放射性元素放射的射线:钾,铀,钍*钾,铀,钍射线分别为具有不同的能量的GR射线*选用不同的能量窗口可分别记录钾,铀,钍能谱ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006KTHGRKUTHThepresentationofGRspectralogsChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006自然伽玛(GR)的应用(1)深度校正(2)泥质含量计算(3)地层矿物成分分析ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006深度校正多数测井项目都带一条GR曲线,可用来进行深度校正ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006用GR曲线计算泥质含量的公式泥质指示公式:IGR---GR泥值指示,中间变量GR----GR测井值,GRcn–纯砂岩GR值(最小GR值)GRsh---纯泥岩GR值(最大GR值)关健在于合理选取GRsand和GRshale值IIGRGRsn-GRcnGR-GRcnChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006GCUG–经验指数,新地层选3.7;老地层选2泥质含公式:ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006GRShaleCleansandExampleShale:GR=100-120Cleansand:GR=45-60Selection:GRmin≈40GRmax≈110ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006含铀放射性元老较高GR曲线(KTH为无铀GR曲线)KUTHGRKTH含铀放射性元老较低GR曲线ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006高UKTH«GR用KTH计算泥质含量ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006如果使用GR计算泥质含量,将漏失储层ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006*GR显示层11,12及13为泥岩*KTH显示这3层U值高,是储层11,12为油层,用GR漏掉油层ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006有的区块GR不反应岩性,不能用来计算泥质含量ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006分析拈土矿物成份28123.52.01.50.80.5KaoliniteSmectitesandMixedlayerclaysIlliteclaysMicasGlauconiteFeldspar(ppm)(%)28123.52.01.50.80.5KaoliniteSmectitesandMixedlayerclaysIlliteclaysMicasGlauconiteFeldspar(ppm)(%)理论图版分析实例:粘土以伊利石为主ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,20062.2自然电位(SP)ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006SP测量原理SP测量井壁界面处产生的自然电位差.SP主要由带电离子的运移,交换所致EdaEaInvadedzoneChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006SP泥岩基线砂岩只有在发生离子交换的地方(渗透层)才会产生SP泥岩无SP异常幅度ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,20062.2.1SP产生基理钻井液及地层水中的带电离子由高浓度向低浓度方扩散,运移在界面处产生SPNa+:钠离子,Cl-:氯离子PermeablemembraneChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006当RmfRw(淡水泥浆)SP负值异常ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006当RmfRw(咸水泥浆)SP正值异常ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006BaselineChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006ShaleBaselineSP负值异常(Rmf=1.16Ώm/16.7°C,Rw≈0.04)Rw≈0.04ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006正值异常SPRmf=0.16Ώm/27.8°C,Rw≈1.14ΏmSPShalebaselineRw≈1.14ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006当Rmf≈Rw无离子交换SP平缓或无幅度SPSPChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006SP应用(1)识别渗透层(2)划分层界面(3)计算泥质含量(4)计算地层水电阻率(5)沉积环境分析ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006IdentifyPermeableZones只有在渗透层才会产生SP渗透性越好,SP幅度越大CNGaszoneChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006致密夹层—低幅度SPChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006DefineBedBoundary•Halfofabnormalamplitudepointwillbeboundariesofshaleandsand.•Thebedthicknessistheintervalbetweentwoboundaries.SHALESHALESANDChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006Realcaseofidentifybedboundary•Wellkar-71940-1970mChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006计算泥质含量Thepresenceofshaleinan“clean”sandwilltendtoreducetheSP.Thiseffectcanbeusedtoestimatetheshalecontentofaformation.••(Vsh)SP=•Here:SPshaleisthevalueobservedinashale;SPcleanisthevalueobservedinaclean,water-bearingsand;WealsocallSPshalethebaselineofshale.(SPSPclean)(SPshaleSPclean)ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006Insomesandreservoir,whenSPcurveisgood,SPcanbeusedtocalculateshalevalueVshSPisgood,andhasgoodcorrelationwithGR,Rt,DENChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006计算地层水电阻率Formationwaterresistivity(Rw)isasignificantparametertoestimateoilorwatersaturation.SPcurvecanbeusedforestimatingRw.Theequationis:SP=K[log(Rmfe/Rwe)]whereRmfe,Rweare“equivalent”RmforRwewhichsupposenoshoulderbedeffectonthem.ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006沉积环境分析由于岩石渗透性与岩石颗粒有关,SP形态与幅度的变化与岩石颗粒密切有关岩石颗粒的大小及分选的程度与其沉积的环境有关.所以SP的形态在一定程度上能揭示当时的沉积环境ChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006FluvialfanRiverRootoffanmiddleoffanendoffanbraidshapesnakeshapeChinaNationalLoggingCorporationOEPA,2006DeltaSanddamBranchMouthFrontSandbeachBodyofInnerwingRiverofdamofdammaindamofdamNobottomflowingOutwingofdam